Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit?

$$ \text{Hematocrit} = \frac{\text{Volume of erythrocytes}}{\text{Total blood volume}} \times 100 $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the composition of whole blood after centrifugation?

Accepted Answer

Plasma makes up about 55%, the buffy coat about 1%, and erythrocytes about 44%.

Question 2

A patient presents with fatigue and pallor. Laboratory tests reveal a low hematocrit and microcytic, hypochromic erythrocytes. Which type of anemia is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Iron-deficiency anemia

Question 3

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure and transporting substances such as hormones and fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

During erythropoiesis, which cell type directly responds to erythropoietin to increase red blood cell production?

Accepted Answer

Erythrocyte colony-forming units (CFUs)

Question 5

A patient with a genetic mutation resulting in abnormal hemoglobin that causes erythrocytes to become rigid and sickle-shaped is most likely suffering from:

Accepted Answer

Sickle-cell disease

Question 6

Which organ is primarily responsible for breaking down old erythrocytes, and what are the three main components of hemoglobin that are recycled or disposed?

Accepted Answer

The spleen; iron, globin, and heme

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of coagulation?

Accepted Answer

The intrinsic pathway is activated by contact with exposed collagen, while the extrinsic pathway is triggered by tissue factor from damaged tissue.

Question 8

A patient with a deficiency in vitamin K would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Impaired blood clotting due to reduced synthesis of clotting factors

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why type O− blood is considered the universal donor?

Accepted Answer

Type O− erythrocytes lack A, B, and Rh antigens, so they do not trigger agglutination in recipients.

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Hematocrit} = \frac{	ext{Volume of erythrocytes}}{	ext{Total blood volume}} 	imes 100 $$

Question 11

A patient receives a transfusion of type A+ blood but is type O−. What is the most likely immediate consequence?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and hemolysis of donor erythrocytes due to anti-A and anti-Rh antibodies in the recipient

Question 12

Which leukocyte is most abundant in normal blood and is primarily responsible for phagocytosing bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of thrombolysis?

Accepted Answer

Plasminogen is converted to plasmin, which digests fibrin and dissolves the clot.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the development of platelets?

Accepted Answer

Hematopoietic stem cell → myeloid cell line → megakaryoblast → megakaryocyte → platelets

Question 15

A patient with hemophilia A is most likely to have a deficiency in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Clotting factor VIII

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between agglutination and hemolysis?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination is the clumping of erythrocytes due to antibody binding; hemolysis is the destruction of erythrocytes.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why anti-Rh antibodies are not present in Rh− individuals until after exposure to Rh+ blood?

Accepted Answer

Anti-Rh antibodies are produced only after sensitization to the Rh antigen.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of blood that directly helps regulate body temperature?

Accepted Answer

Distribution of heat via blood flow to the skin

Question 19

A patient with a high number of immature reticulocytes in the blood is most likely experiencing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Increased erythropoiesis due to blood loss or anemia

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of transferrin in erythrocyte recycling?

Accepted Answer

It transports iron from the breakdown of hemoglobin to the bone marrow for reuse.

Chapter 19: Blood – Structure, Function, and Clinical Significance

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드