Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of blood volume in liters for an individual weighing 70 kg?

$$Blood\ Volume = 0.07 \times Body\ Weight\ (kg) = 0.07 \times 70 = 4.9\ L$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of albumins in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

They are the main contributors to plasma osmolarity and transport fatty acids, thyroid hormones, and some steroid hormones.

Question 2

A patient presents with jaundice. Which of the following best explains the physiological cause of this condition?

Accepted Answer

A buildup of bilirubin in the blood due to improper excretion by the liver.

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of blood volume in liters for an individual weighing 70 kg?

Accepted Answer

$$Blood\ Volume = 0.07 	imes Body\ Weight\ (kg) = 0.07 	imes 70 = 4.9\ L$$

Question 4

A person with type AB- blood can safely receive which of the following blood types in an emergency transfusion (assuming no prior sensitization)?

Accepted Answer

A-, B-, AB-, and O-

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why fetal hemoglobin is more efficient at binding oxygen than adult hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

Fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen, allowing it to extract oxygen from maternal blood at the placenta.

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the intrinsic pathway of coagulation?

Accepted Answer

Activation of Factor XII → Platelet Factor 3 release → Activation of Factor X

Question 7

A patient with a genetic deficiency in antithrombin-III would most likely experience which of the following clinical outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of abnormal blood clot formation (thrombophilia)

Question 8

Which of the following white blood cell types is primarily responsible for the release of histamine and heparin during an inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

Basophils

Question 9

A woman who is Rh- becomes pregnant with an Rh+ fetus. Which of the following best describes the risk to future pregnancies if she is not treated with RhoGAM?

Accepted Answer

Her immune system may produce anti-Rh antibodies that can cross the placenta in future pregnancies and destroy fetal RBCs, causing hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of transferrin in iron metabolism?

Accepted Answer

It transports iron in the bloodstream to developing red blood cells in the bone marrow.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the phases of hemostasis is correct?

Accepted Answer

The vascular phase involves contraction of smooth muscle fibers to reduce blood loss immediately after injury.

Question 12

A patient with a low hematocrit and reduced hemoglobin content is most likely suffering from which condition?

Accepted Answer

Anemia

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why type O- blood is considered the universal donor?

Accepted Answer

Type O- blood lacks A, B, and Rh surface antigens, so it is less likely to cause an immune reaction in recipients.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of platelets during the process of hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

They temporarily patch damaged vessel walls and release chemicals important for clotting.

Question 15

A patient is found to have a high white blood cell count with a predominance of immature leukocytes. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Leukemia

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of fibrinolysis?

Accepted Answer

The gradual breakdown and removal of a blood clot by plasmin.

Question 17

Which of the following white blood cell types is primarily responsible for cell-mediated immunity?

Accepted Answer

T lymphocytes

Question 18

A patient with a deficiency in vitamin K would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Impaired blood clotting due to decreased synthesis of clotting factors.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) in blood cell production?

Accepted Answer

They are hormones that regulate the production of specific types of white blood cells.

Chapter 19: Blood – Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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