Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between matter and energy?

Accepted Answer

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space, while energy is the capacity to do work or put matter into motion.

Question 2

A patient is exposed to a radioactive isotope for diagnostic imaging. Which property of isotopes makes them useful for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, allowing some to be unstable and emit radiation.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a chemical change in the body?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of glucose to produce ATP during cellular respiration.

Question 4

Which statement about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores chemical energy in its phosphate bonds and releases energy when these bonds are broken.

Question 5

A solution has a pH of 4. Which of the following statements is true about this solution?

Accepted Answer

It has a higher concentration of hydrogen ions ($$[H^+]) $$than a solution with pH 7.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why water is an effective temperature buffer in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Water has a high heat capacity, allowing it to absorb and release large amounts of heat with little temperature change.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule and its building block?

Accepted Answer

Proteins – amino acids

Question 8

A patient is suffering from muscle cramps due to an electrolyte imbalance. Which inorganic compound is most likely involved in nerve function and muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Salts

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond in which electrons are shared unequally between atoms, resulting in partial charges.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for reactions, increasing the reaction rate.

Question 11

A dehydration synthesis reaction in the body results in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a larger organic molecule by removing water.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in the body?

Accepted Answer

They are major components of cell membranes, forming a bilayer.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the relationship between atomic number and atomic mass?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number is the number of protons; atomic mass is the sum of protons and neutrons.

Question 14

A solution is made by dissolving table salt (NaCl) in water. Which type of mixture is this?

Accepted Answer

Solution

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of potential energy in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Energy stored in the bonds of ATP molecules.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about acids and bases is correct?

Accepted Answer

Acids release hydrogen ions ($$H^+) in $$solution, while bases release hydroxide ions ($$OH^-).$$

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why carbon is the backbone of organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form four covalent bonds, allowing for a variety of stable structures.

Question 18

A patient is experiencing symptoms of acidosis. Which of the following would you expect to find in their blood?

Accepted Answer

A pH less than 7.35, indicating increased hydrogen ion concentration.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of a buffer system in the body?

Accepted Answer

A buffer resists changes in pH by accepting or donating hydrogen ions ($$H^+) $$when acids or bases are added.

Chapter 2: Basic Chemistry and Biochemistry for Anatomy & Physiology

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