Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a compound and a mixture?

Accepted Answer

Compounds involve chemical bonding between components, while mixtures do not.

Question 2

A solution contains 10 grams of glucose (molecular weight = 180 g/mol) dissolved in enough water to make 1 liter. What is the molarity (M) of this solution? Use $$M = \frac{	ext{moles of solute}}{	ext{liters of solution}}.$$

Accepted Answer

$$0.056\ M$$

Question 3

Which of the following statements about water is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Water is a nonpolar solvent, making it ideal for dissolving lipids.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) form an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

Sodium donates an electron to chlorine, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other.

Question 5

A patient is found to have a blood pH of 7.2. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

The blood is slightly acidic.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct example of a synthesis (anabolic) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$A + B \rightarrow AB$$

Question 7

Which property of phospholipids is most important for the formation of biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

Their amphipathic nature, with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy, increasing the rate of reactions.

Question 9

Which of the following is a trace element in the human body and is essential for enzyme activation?

Accepted Answer

Zinc

Question 10

A protein loses its three-dimensional structure due to high fever. This process is called:

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why water is an effective solvent for ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water forms hydration layers around ions due to its polarity.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about ATP?

Accepted Answer

ATP is a nucleotide with three phosphate groups and provides immediate energy for cellular work.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by unequal sharing of electrons, resulting in partial charges.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a buffer system in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Bicarbonate buffer system

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct example of a decomposition (catabolic) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$AB \rightarrow A + B$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a property of colloids but NOT of solutions?

Accepted Answer

Particles are larger than in solutions and scatter light but do not settle out.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific for their substrates?

Accepted Answer

The active site of an enzyme has a unique shape that fits only specific substrates.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of eicosanoids in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of inflammation and blood clotting

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose; RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose.

Chapter 2: Chemistry Comes Alive – Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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