Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between kinetic and potential energy in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, such as ions moving across cell membranes, while potential energy is stored energy, such as in ATP molecules.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing muscle contractions that generate heat. Which form of energy conversion is primarily responsible for this heat production?

Accepted Answer

Chemical energy is converted to kinetic energy, with some energy lost as heat.

Question 3

Which statement about atoms is correct?

Accepted Answer

Electrons have a negative charge and orbit the nucleus, while protons have a positive charge and are found in the nucleus.

Question 4

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the four major elements that make up about 96% of the human body mass?

Accepted Answer

Calcium (Ca)

Question 5

A sodium atom (Na) has one electron in its outermost shell. What is the most likely way it will achieve stability?

Accepted Answer

By losing its outer electron to form an ionic bond.

Question 6

Which type of chemical bond is the strongest and involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 7

Water molecules are described as polar because:

Accepted Answer

The oxygen atom is slightly negative and the hydrogen atoms are slightly positive due to unequal sharing of electrons.

Question 8

Which chemical reaction type is responsible for building larger molecules from smaller ones, such as the formation of proteins from amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis reaction

Question 9

During digestion, large molecules like glycogen are broken down into smaller glucose units. Which reaction is responsible for this process?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis reaction

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of an inorganic compound found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Water ($$H_2O)$$

Question 11

A solution has a pH of 5. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

It is an acidic solution.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why salts are important in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They dissociate into ions that are essential for nerve impulses and muscle function.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct representation of the neutralization reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide?

Accepted Answer

$$HCl + NaOH \rightarrow H_2O + NaCl$$

Question 14

Which class of organic compounds is the primary source of ready cellular fuel in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 15

Which of the following statements about lipids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are insoluble in water and provide roughly twice as much energy as carbohydrates.

Question 16

Which type of fat is considered more harmful to heart and blood vessels than saturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Trans fats

Question 17

Proteins are made up of which building blocks?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 19

Which nucleic acid is responsible for storing genetic information and replicating before cell division?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Question 20

Which equation correctly represents the breakdown of ATP to release energy?

Accepted Answer

$$ATP \rightarrow ADP + P$$

Chapter 2: Chemistry Comes Alive – Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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