Question 1

Which of the following best explains why water is considered the 'universal solvent' in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Because water molecules are polar, allowing them to surround and dissociate ionic and polar substances.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing muscle cramps due to an electrolyte imbalance. Which mineral is most likely deficient, and what is its chemical symbol?

Accepted Answer

Potassium; K

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the pH scale is correct?

Accepted Answer

A solution with pH 3 is 100 times more acidic than a solution with pH 5.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between a molecule and a compound?

Accepted Answer

A molecule is a combination of two or more atoms; a compound is a molecule with at least two different elements.

Question 5

A solution contains 0.01 moles of H$$^+$$ ions per liter. What is the pH of this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{pH} = -\log_{10}[H^+] = -\log_{10}(0.01) = 4$$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are essential for life?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions, allowing them to proceed at rates compatible with life.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

The bond between oxygen and hydrogen in $$\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$$

Question 8

A patient’s blood pH drops to 7.1. Which physiological mechanism will help restore normal pH?

Accepted Answer

Buffers will bind excess hydrogen ions to raise the pH.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of glycogen in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It is a storage form of carbohydrate in animal tissues.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct example of an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

The bond between sodium and chlorine in table salt ($$\mathrm{NaCl}).$$

Question 11

Which property of water allows humans to maintain a relatively stable body temperature during exercise?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of ATP in cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP serves as the primary energy carrier molecule.

Question 13

A solution is made by dissolving 5 grams of glucose in 100 mL of water. In this solution, which is the solute and which is the solvent?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is the solute; water is the solvent.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why proteins must maintain their three-dimensional shape?

Accepted Answer

Because their shape determines their function, especially for enzymes and structural proteins.

Question 15

Which of the following is a trace element essential for the function of thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Iodine (I)

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom and another electronegative atom.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a synthesis (anabolic) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{A} + \mathrm{B} \rightarrow \mathrm{AB}$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between kinetic and potential energy in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is energy in motion, such as muscle contraction; potential energy is stored energy, such as in ATP.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of a buffer’s function in blood?

Accepted Answer

Buffers maintain blood pH by releasing or binding hydrogen ions as needed.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why lipids are important components of cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids form a bilayer that creates a selective barrier between the cell and its environment.

Chapter 2: Chemistry Comes Alive – Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제