Q: A molecule of glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) is dissolved in water to make a 1 M solution. How many molecules of glucose are present in 1 liter of this solution?

$$6.02 \times 10$$^{23}$$ molecules

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a solution, a colloid, and a suspension in the human body?

Accepted Answer

A solution contains tiny particles that do not settle or scatter light, a colloid contains larger particles that scatter light but do not settle, and a suspension contains very large particles that settle out and may scatter light.

Question 2

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the atomic structure of helium (He)?

Accepted Answer

Helium has 2 protons, 2 neutrons, and 2 electrons, with a complete valence shell.

Question 3

A patient is given an intravenous solution containing sodium chloride (NaCl). What happens to the NaCl when it enters the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

NaCl dissociates into Na+ and Cl- ions, which are electrolytes that conduct electrical currents in solution.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water is a polar molecule, so its positive and negative regions surround and separate ions in solution.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct representation of a synthesis (anabolic) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$A + B \rightarrow AB$$

Question 6

A molecule of glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) is dissolved in water to make a 1 M solution. How many molecules of glucose are present in 1 liter of this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$6.02 	imes 10$$^{23}$$ molecules

Question 7

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between a polar covalent bond and a nonpolar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A polar covalent bond involves unequal sharing of electrons, resulting in partial charges, while a nonpolar covalent bond involves equal sharing of electrons.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a buffer system in the human body, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

The bicarbonate buffer system; it resists abrupt changes in blood pH by converting strong acids or bases into weak ones.

Question 10

A patient presents with an arterial blood pH of 6.8. Based on your knowledge of enzyme function and pH, what is the most likely outcome if this condition persists?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme activity will decrease, and the patient is at high risk of death due to the narrow pH range required for enzyme function.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fats are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have only single bonds between carbons, allowing molecules to pack closely together; unsaturated fats have double bonds causing kinks, preventing tight packing.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct example of a decomposition (catabolic) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$AB \rightarrow A + B$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy, increasing the speed of chemical reactions without being consumed.

Question 14

Which of the following is a property of water that is critical for maintaining body temperature homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity, allowing water to absorb and release heat with little temperature change.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in its terminal phosphate bond, which can be transferred to other molecules to do cellular work.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose; RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of an exchange (displacement) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$AB + CD \rightarrow AD + CB$$

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why carbon is so important in organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form four covalent bonds, allowing for a diversity of stable, complex molecules.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about protein denaturation?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation involves the unfolding of globular proteins, causing loss of function, and can be caused by changes in pH or temperature.

Chapter 2: Chemistry Comes Alive – Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드