Question 1

Which of the following best explains why bones are strong, according to the chemical level of organization?

Accepted Answer

Bones are strong because they are composed of minerals and the protein collagen.

Question 2

Which statement correctly describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

An isotope is an atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

Question 3

Which of the following elements makes up the largest percentage of the human body’s mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 4

A solution is made by dissolving glucose in water. Which type of mixture is this, and why?

Accepted Answer

It is a solution because glucose molecules dissolve completely and the mixture appears translucent.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between a molecule and a compound?

Accepted Answer

A molecule is formed by chemical bonding of atoms of the same element, while a compound is formed by chemical bonding of atoms of different elements.

Question 6

Which of the following is true about ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds form when electrons are transferred from a metal to a nonmetal.

Question 7

A patient is injected with a radiotracer for a diagnostic scan. Which property of the radiotracer allows it to be detected by cameras?

Accepted Answer

It is a radioisotope that releases energy as radiation.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared unequally, resulting in partial charges on the molecule.

Question 9

Which of the following is a real-life example of a hydrogen bond’s effect in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds create surface tension in blood, allowing droplets to form.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for ionic and polar substances?

Accepted Answer

Water is polar, so it can interact with and surround charged and partially charged particles.

Question 11

A solution has a pH of 4. What does this indicate about the hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has a high hydrogen ion concentration.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of a buffer in the human body?

Accepted Answer

A buffer resists changes in pH by neutralizing added acids or bases.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct representation of the pH equation?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log{[H^+]}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a property of enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds; unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They are the main structural component of cell membranes.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids held together by peptide bonds.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose, while RNA contains ribose.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why ATP is essential for cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

ATP is the main source of chemical energy that drives cellular work.

Question 20

A patient with phenylketonuria cannot convert phenylalanine into tyrosine. Which type of biomolecule is deficient in this patient?

Accepted Answer

An enzyme (protein)

Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life – Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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