$$\mathrm{A} + \mathrm{B} \rightarrow \mathrm{AB} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly describes the charge, mass, and location of subatomic particles in an atom?

Accepted Answer

Electrons have a negative charge, negligible mass, and are found in the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus.

Question 2

Which four elements make up approximately 96% of the human body’s mass?

Accepted Answer

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Question 3

An atom has 17 protons, 18 neutrons, and 17 electrons. What is its atomic number and mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number: 17, Mass number: 35

Question 4

Which of the following best explains how isotopes are produced?

Accepted Answer

By changing the number of neutrons in the nucleus.

Question 5

A solution is made by dissolving 10 g of NaCl in 100 mL of water. In this mixture, which is the solvent and which is the solute?

Accepted Answer

Water is the solvent; NaCl is the solute.

Question 6

Which statement best describes the relationship between the number of electrons in an atom’s valence shell and its chemical reactivity?

Accepted Answer

Atoms with an incomplete valence shell tend to form chemical bonds to achieve stability.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

The bond between oxygen and hydrogen in a water molecule ($$\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O})$$

Question 8

Which property of water is primarily due to hydrogen bonding?

Accepted Answer

High surface tension

Question 9

During a chemical reaction, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are rearranged to form new molecules.

Question 10

Which equation correctly represents an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{A} + \mathrm{B} ightarrow \mathrm{AB} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 11

Which factor would most likely increase the rate of a chemical reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Adding an enzyme

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the action of enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower activation energy, speeding up reactions.

Question 13

A patient’s blood pH is measured at 7.2. Which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

The blood is acidic.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains the function of a buffer in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Buffers prevent drastic changes in pH by absorbing or releasing hydrogen ions.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of an electrolyte and its physiological role?

Accepted Answer

Sodium chloride; helps maintain fluid balance and nerve function

Question 16

Which reaction represents dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Monomer}_1 + 	ext{Monomer}_2 ightarrow 	ext{Polymer} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$$

Question 17

Which of the following correctly matches a macromolecule with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid – nucleotide

Question 18

Which level of protein structure is directly responsible for the overall three-dimensional shape of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary structure

Question 19

Why is protein shape important for protein function?

Accepted Answer

The shape determines the protein’s ability to interact with specific molecules.

Question 20

Which equation represents ATP hydrolysis, and what is its role in the cell?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy}$$; provides energy for cellular processes

Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life – Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제