Question 1

Which of the following best explains why atoms are electrically neutral?

Accepted Answer

Because the number of protons equals the number of electrons

Question 2

A patient is injected with a radiotracer for a diagnostic scan. Which property of the radiotracer allows it to be detected by imaging equipment?

Accepted Answer

It emits radiation as it decays due to being a radioisotope

Question 3

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the four major elements that make up 96% of the human body’s mass?

Accepted Answer

Sodium (Na)

Question 4

Which type of chemical bond is the strongest and involves the sharing of electrons between two nonmetal atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 5

A sodium atom loses one electron to a chlorine atom. What type of bond forms between the resulting ions?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a buffer system in the human body?

Accepted Answer

A chemical system that resists changes in pH by combining with or releasing hydrogen ions

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct representation of the dissociation of water?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{H_2O} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H^+} + \mathrm{OH^-}$$

Question 8

A solution has a pH of 4. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has a higher concentration of $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ ions than pure water

Question 9

Which property of water allows it to dissolve ionic and polar substances but not nonpolar substances?

Accepted Answer

Water is a polar molecule

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required for reactions to proceed

Question 11

A protein is exposed to high heat and loses its three-dimensional structure. What is this process called, and what is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation; the protein loses its function

Question 12

Which of the following is a monomer of nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids are essential for cell membrane structure?

Accepted Answer

They are amphiphilic, with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

Question 14

Which of the following is true about the formation of a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

It is a covalent bond formed between two amino acids

Question 15

A patient’s blood pH drops to 7.2. Which condition does this indicate, and what is a likely effect on proteins?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis; proteins may denature and lose function

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between a nonpolar and a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar bonds share electrons equally; polar bonds share electrons unequally

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct formula for the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in blood buffering?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{H_2CO_3} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H^+} + \mathrm{$$HCO_3$$^-}$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the induced fit mechanism of enzyme action?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme changes shape to fit the substrate when it binds

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of glycoproteins and glycolipids in the body?

Accepted Answer

They help cells recognize and communicate with each other

Question 20

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP is synthesized from ADP and a phosphate group, and its hydrolysis releases energy for cellular work

Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life – Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제