Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

To facilitate the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood

Question 2

Which structure is part of the lower respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

Trachea

Question 3

During inspiration, which muscles are primarily responsible for increasing thoracic volume?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm and external intercostals

Question 4

Which cell type in the alveoli is responsible for producing surfactant to reduce alveolar surface tension?

Accepted Answer

Type II alveolar cells

Question 5

According to Boyle’s Law, what happens to the pressure in the lungs when the volume increases during inspiration?

Accepted Answer

Pressure decreases

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between minute volume ($$MV$$), tidal volume ($$TV$$), and respiratory rate ($$RR$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$MV = TV 	imes RR$$

Question 7

A patient has a tidal volume of 500 mL and a respiratory rate of 12 breaths per minute. What is their minute volume?

Accepted Answer

6000 mL/min

Question 8

Dalton’s Law states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to:

Accepted Answer

The sum of the partial pressures of each gas

Question 9

Which factor would most likely decrease pulmonary gas exchange efficiency?

Accepted Answer

Thickening of the respiratory membrane

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 + H_2O$$ \leftrightarrow H_2CO_3 \leftrightarrow H^+ + $$HCO_3$$^-$$

Question 11

If a patient is hyperventilating, what is the expected effect on plasma pH?

Accepted Answer

Plasma pH increases (alkalosis)

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a way carbon dioxide is transported in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Bound to albumin

Question 13

Which group of neurons is primarily responsible for setting the basic rhythm of breathing?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory pattern generator

Question 14

Central chemoreceptors respond primarily to changes in:

Accepted Answer

Cerebrospinal fluid carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion concentration

Question 15

Which of the following best describes restrictive lung disease?

Accepted Answer

Reduced lung compliance leading to decreased lung expansion

Question 16

A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is most likely to experience:

Accepted Answer

Difficulty exhaling due to obstructed airflow

Question 17

Which equation best represents the relationship between partial pressure of oxygen ($$P_{O_2$}) $$and hemoglobin saturation?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin saturation increases as $$P_{O_2$}$$ increases, following a sigmoidal curve

Question 18

Which of the following would most likely increase airway resistance and decrease pulmonary ventilation?

Accepted Answer

Bronchoconstriction

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of alveolar macrophages?

Accepted Answer

Engulf and remove pathogens and debris from alveoli

Question 20

A patient with asthma is experiencing an acute attack. Which of the following is most likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

Bronchoconstriction and increased airway resistance

Chapter 21: The Respiratory System – Study Notes

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