$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the principle of complementarity in cell theory?

Accepted Answer

The structure of a cell determines its function, meaning biochemical activities are dictated by cell anatomy.

Question 2

A patient receives an intravenous (IV) solution that is hypotonic relative to their red blood cells. What is the most likely outcome for the cells?

Accepted Answer

Water will move into the cells, causing them to swell and possibly burst.

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for detoxifying harmful substances such as alcohol and formaldehyde in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisomes

Question 4

During the process of protein synthesis, which sequence correctly represents the flow of genetic information according to the Central Dogma?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 5

Which of the following cell junctions is most important for preventing leakage of substances between epithelial cells lining the intestines?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 6

A nerve cell (neuron) is specialized for which primary function?

Accepted Answer

Receiving and transmitting electrical impulses to other body structures

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why the plasma membrane is relatively impermeable to most water-soluble molecules?

Accepted Answer

The hydrophobic nonpolar tails of phospholipids form the interior of the membrane, repelling water-soluble substances.

Question 8

Which tissue type is most likely to regenerate easily after injury?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue (such as skin and mucous membranes)

Question 9

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Modifying and packaging proteins for secretion or use within the cell

Question 11

Which connective tissue type is most abundant and widely distributed in the human body, functioning as a universal packing tissue?

Accepted Answer

Areolar connective tissue

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to move sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.

Question 13

Which muscle tissue type is characterized by striations, multiple nuclei per cell, and voluntary control?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle tissue

Question 14

Which process describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane toward the side with higher solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE about stratified squamous epithelium?

Accepted Answer

It functions as a protective covering where friction is common, such as the skin and esophagus.

Question 16

Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Initiating voluntary movement

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Information from DNA's base sequence is transferred to the complementary base sequence of mRNA.

Question 19

Which tissue type is composed of neurons and neuroglia, and is specialized for irritability and conductivity?

Accepted Answer

Nervous tissue

Question 20

A cell actively engulfs bacteria using cytoplasmic extensions called pseudopods. Which process is this?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Chapter 3: Cells & Tissues – Comprehensive Study Guide for Anatomy & Physiology

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