Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the glycocalyx on the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a unique identifier for cell recognition and immune protection.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell and eventually bursts. Which type of solution is the cell in, and why does this occur?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic; water moves into the cell due to lower solute concentration outside.

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for packaging and transporting materials within and out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi Body

Question 4

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why aquaporins are important for osmosis?

Accepted Answer

They allow water to move more rapidly across the membrane by facilitated diffusion.

Question 6

A patient receives an intravenous (IV) solution of 0.9% NaCl. What effect does this have on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will remain unchanged because the solution is isotonic.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Prophase → Metaphase → Anaphase → Telophase

Question 8

Which of the following cell extensions is specialized for absorption and is found in abundance in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Microvilli

Question 9

Which process describes the movement of solutes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without the use of ATP or a protein channel?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion

Question 10

A mutation occurs during DNA replication. Which of the following is a possible consequence?

Accepted Answer

The mutation may have no effect, or it could lead to cancer or genetic defects.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome for translation.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Providing a rigid structure to maintain cell shape

Question 13

Which type of cancer originates in the epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Carcinoma

Question 14

A scientist observes a cell with a single, long, whip-like extension used for movement. Which cell type is most likely being observed?

Accepted Answer

A sperm cell

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why cancer cells are dangerous to the body?

Accepted Answer

They replace functional tissue, disrupt organ function, and can metastasize.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration through a protein channel without ATP

Question 17

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that all chromosomes are properly aligned before cell division proceeds?

Accepted Answer

M checkpoint

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins from mRNA templates

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between benign and malignant tumors?

Accepted Answer

Malignant tumors grow rapidly and can invade other tissues, while benign tumors are slow-growing and encapsulated.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

It provides a framework for cell shape, division, and movement.

Chapter 3: The Cell – Structure, Function, and Division

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