Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structure and function of the plasma membrane according to the fluid mosaic model?

Accepted Answer

It is a dynamic, flexible bilayer of phospholipids with embedded proteins and carbohydrates, allowing selective movement of substances.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and begins to shrink. Which term best describes the tonicity of the solution, and what is the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic; water moves out of the cell due to a higher solute concentration outside.

Question 3

Which of the following best distinguishes between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion involves movement of small, nonpolar molecules directly through the lipid bilayer, while facilitated diffusion requires membrane proteins for polar or larger molecules.

Question 4

Which organelle is responsible for packaging proteins into vesicles for secretion, and what is its structural appearance?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus; a stack of flattened, membrane-bound sacs.

Question 5

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder affecting the function of their lysosomes. Which cellular process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular digestion of waste and foreign material

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol increases membrane fluidity at low temperatures and stabilizes the membrane at high temperatures.

Question 7

Which process requires ATP and moves substances against their concentration gradient across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 8

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur, and why is this phase critical?

Accepted Answer

S phase; it ensures each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between chromatin and chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin is the uncondensed, threadlike form of DNA present during interphase, while chromosomes are the condensed form visible during mitosis.

Question 10

A cell is observed engulfing a bacterium by extending its plasma membrane around the particle. Which process is being described?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins from amino acids

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of mRNA during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It carries the genetic code from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

G1 → S → G2 → M

Question 14

A cell is exposed to a toxin that inhibits the function of ribosomes. Which cellular process will be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why packaging enzymes and lipids inside vesicles is important for the cell?

Accepted Answer

It prevents the enzymes from digesting cellular components indiscriminately.

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between the cell cycle and cancer?

Accepted Answer

Cancer is caused by uncontrolled cell division due to disruptions in cell cycle regulation.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of centrioles during cell division?

Accepted Answer

They organize microtubules to form the mitotic spindle, which separates chromosomes.

Question 18

Which process involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 19

A cell uses receptor-mediated endocytosis to import cholesterol. Which statement best explains the specificity of this process?

Accepted Answer

It relies on specific receptors on the plasma membrane to bind and internalize cholesterol molecules.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of microvilli on the surface of intestinal epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

They increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients.

Chapter 3: The Cell – Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드