Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

Accepted Answer

They attract positively charged ions, drawing water into the ECM and helping tissues resist compression.

Question 2

A patient presents with tall stature, long limbs, and a history of aortic dilation. Genetic testing reveals a defect in the gene for fibrillin-1. Which ECM component is most directly affected in this condition?

Accepted Answer

Elastic fibers

Question 3

Which type of cell junction is most important for preventing the passage of macromolecules between adjacent epithelial cells in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Tight (occluding) junctions

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why simple squamous epithelium is found lining the air sacs of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Its single layer of flat cells allows for rapid diffusion of gases.

Question 5

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

Accepted Answer

It appears multilayered due to nuclei at different heights, but all cells contact the basement membrane.

Question 6

A biopsy of a patient’s esophagus reveals a tissue with multiple layers of flat cells at the surface and living, nucleated cells. Which type of epithelium is this?

Accepted Answer

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between paracellular and transcellular transport across simple epithelia?

Accepted Answer

Paracellular transport involves substances passing between cells, while transcellular transport involves substances passing through the cell membrane, cytosol, and exiting the other side.

Question 8

Which of the following connective tissue types is specialized for resisting tension in multiple directions and is found in the dermis of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Dense irregular connective tissue

Question 9

Which of the following statements about cartilage is correct?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage is surrounded by a perichondrium that supplies blood, except in fibrocartilage.

Question 10

A patient with osteoarthritis is considering glucosamine supplements. What is the hypothesized mechanism by which glucosamine might help?

Accepted Answer

It increases the production of chondroblasts, potentially slowing cartilage degeneration.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the main function of brown adipose tissue in infants?

Accepted Answer

Heat production due to abundant mitochondria

Question 12

Which of the following is a key difference between skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle cells are multinucleate and voluntary, while cardiac muscle cells are branched, have a single nucleus, and are involuntary.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why neurons generally do not regenerate after injury?

Accepted Answer

Neurons are amitotic and do not undergo cell division.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of serous membranes?

Accepted Answer

They line body cavities that do not open to the outside and secrete a lubricating fluid to reduce friction.

Question 15

A tissue sample shows cells with large, central nuclei and a single layer of cube-shaped cells. Where is this tissue most likely found?

Accepted Answer

Kidney tubules

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of fibrosis during tissue repair?

Accepted Answer

Fibroblasts produce collagen to fill the defect, resulting in scar tissue.

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of mucous membranes?

Accepted Answer

They contain goblet cells that secrete mucus and line passages that open to the exterior.

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the basement membrane of epithelial tissues?

Accepted Answer

It consists of the basal lamina (from epithelial cells) and reticular lamina (from connective tissue).

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why cardiac muscle tissue heals primarily by fibrosis rather than regeneration?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle cells are large, complex, and generally do not undergo mitosis.

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of reticular fibers in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

They form fine, mesh-like networks that support cells and trap foreign substances.

Chapter 4: Histology – Structured Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드