Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

Accepted Answer

They attract positively charged ions, drawing water into the ECM and helping tissues resist compression.

Question 2

A patient with Marfan syndrome is at increased risk for which of the following potentially fatal complications?

Accepted Answer

Aortic rupture due to defective elastic fibers in the ECM.

Question 3

Which type of cell junction is most important for preventing the passage of macromolecules between adjacent epithelial cells in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Tight (occluding) junctions

Question 4

Which of the following epithelial tissues is best adapted for rapid diffusion of gases and is found lining the air sacs of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 5

A biopsy of a patient’s esophagus reveals multiple layers of nucleated, flattened cells at the apical surface. Which type of epithelium is this?

Accepted Answer

Stratified squamous epithelium (nonkeratinized)

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why cartilage heals poorly after injury?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage lacks a blood supply and often heals by fibrosis rather than regeneration.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of brown adipose tissue in infants?

Accepted Answer

Heat production due to abundant mitochondria

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between merocrine and holocrine secretion in exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Merocrine secretion releases products by exocytosis, while holocrine secretion releases products when the cell ruptures and dies.

Question 9

Which connective tissue type is found in tendons and ligaments and is specialized to resist tension in one direction?

Accepted Answer

Dense regular collagenous connective tissue

Question 10

A patient presents with a grating chest sound and pain that worsens with inhalation. Which membrane is most likely inflamed?

Accepted Answer

Serous membrane (serosa) of the pleural or pericardial cavity

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They secrete hydrogen ions and enzymes to break down the bone ECM.

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the repair of cardiac muscle tissue after a heart attack?

Accepted Answer

It generally heals by fibrosis, resulting in scar tissue.

Question 13

Which of the following is a key function of reticular connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Forming fine, mesh-like networks that support cells in organs such as lymph nodes

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the main function of neuroglial cells in nervous tissue?

Accepted Answer

They support, anchor, and protect neurons, and can divide by mitosis.

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of smooth muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Cells are flattened, have a single nucleus, and lack visible striations.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why vitamin C deficiency can impair wound healing?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C is required for fibroblasts to synthesize collagen, which is essential for tissue repair.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of transcellular transport across simple epithelia?

Accepted Answer

A substance enters the cell, diffuses through the cytosol, and exits through the other surface.

Question 18

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

Accepted Answer

It appears to have multiple layers due to nuclei at different heights, but all cells touch the basement membrane.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the main function of the basement membrane in epithelial tissues?

Accepted Answer

It anchors the epithelial tissue to the underlying connective tissue.

Chapter 4: Histology – The Study of Tissues

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