Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

Accepted Answer

They attract positively charged ions, drawing water into the ECM and helping tissues resist compression.

Question 2

A patient with Marfan syndrome is at risk for which of the following potentially fatal complications due to defective elastic fibers?

Accepted Answer

Aortic rupture due to dilation of the aorta

Question 3

Which type of cell junction is most important for preventing the passage of macromolecules between adjacent epithelial cells in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Tight (occluding) junctions

Question 4

Which of the following epithelial tissues is best adapted for rapid diffusion of gases and is found lining the air sacs of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 5

A biopsy of a patient’s esophagus reveals multiple layers of nucleated, flattened cells at the apical surface. Which type of epithelium is this?

Accepted Answer

Stratified squamous epithelium (nonkeratinized)

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why cartilage heals poorly after injury?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage lacks a direct blood supply and often heals by fibrosis rather than regeneration.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of brown adipose tissue in infants?

Accepted Answer

Heat production

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between paracellular and transcellular transport across simple epithelia?

Accepted Answer

Paracellular transport moves substances between cells, while transcellular transport moves substances through the cell.

Question 9

Which of the following connective tissues is specialized for resisting tension in one direction and is found in tendons?

Accepted Answer

Dense regular collagenous connective tissue

Question 10

A gland that releases its product by exocytosis without damaging the cell is classified as which type of exocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

Merocrine

Question 11

Which of the following is a key difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the blood, while exocrine glands secrete products through ducts to an epithelial surface.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They carry out bone resorption by secreting hydrogen ions and enzymes.

Question 13

A patient presents with a friction rub and chest pain that worsens with inhalation. Which tissue is most likely inflamed?

Accepted Answer

Serous membrane (mesothelium) of the pleural cavity

Question 14

Which of the following tissues is most likely to heal by fibrosis rather than regeneration after injury?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle tissue

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of neuroglial cells in nervous tissue?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring neurons and blood vessels, and supporting nerve function

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the composition of the basement membrane in epithelial tissues?

Accepted Answer

It consists of a basal lamina (collagen fibers and ground substance) and a reticular lamina (reticular fibers and ground substance).

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of poor blood supply to a tissue during the repair process?

Accepted Answer

Nonhealing wounds, even in tissues capable of regeneration

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the main function of reticular fibers in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

They form a supportive meshwork that traps foreign cells and supports soft tissues.

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

Accepted Answer

It appears multilayered due to nuclei at different heights, but all cells contact the basement membrane.

Question 20

A patient with a severe vitamin C deficiency is likely to experience impaired tissue repair because:

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C is required for fibroblasts to produce collagen during tissue repair.

Chapter 4: Histology – The Study of Tissues

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