Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between mass and weight?

Accepted Answer

Mass is the amount of matter in an object and remains constant, while weight is the force exerted by gravity on that mass and can change with location.

Question 2

A scuba tank contains compressed air at 3,200 psi. If the tank is taken to a higher altitude where atmospheric pressure is lower, what happens to the mass of air inside the tank?

Accepted Answer

The mass of air inside the tank remains the same because mass is independent of atmospheric pressure.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of energy conversion that occurs in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Chemical energy from glucose is converted to mechanical energy during muscle contraction.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the reaction between sodium metal and chlorine gas to form sodium chloride?

Accepted Answer

$$2\mathrm{Na}_{(s)} + \mathrm{Cl}_{2(g)} \rightarrow 2\mathrm{NaCl}_{(s)}$$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 6

A patient is injected with a radioisotope for imaging. What property of radioisotopes makes them useful for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

They emit radiation as they decay, which can be detected by imaging equipment.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a compound molecule?

Accepted Answer

A molecule composed of two or more different types of atoms bonded together.

Question 8

Which of the following is a trace element in the human body, making up less than 0.01% of body weight?

Accepted Answer

Zinc (Zn)

Question 9

If an atom has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons, what is its atomic number and mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number = 11, Mass number = 23

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why energy conversions in the body are often inefficient?

Accepted Answer

Some energy is lost as heat, which cannot be used to do work.

Question 11

A rock balanced on a cliff edge (as shown in the image) is an example of which type of energy?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a major element found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Chlorine (Cl)

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between an elemental molecule and a compound molecule?

Accepted Answer

An elemental molecule consists of the same type of atoms, while a compound molecule consists of different types of atoms.

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the number of neutrons in an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Number of neutrons} = 	ext{Mass number} - 	ext{Atomic number}$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of electrons in chemical bonding?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared or transferred between atoms to form chemical bonds.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-life example of radiant energy conversion?

Accepted Answer

Electricity heating a bulb filament to produce light.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about atoms is correct?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons, with protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a molecule that is NOT a compound?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{O}_2$$

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why sodium (Na) forms a positive ion (Na⁺) in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Sodium loses one electron to achieve a stable electron configuration.

Chemistry Comes Alive: Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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