Question 1

Which property of water allows it to help maintain a stable internal body temperature despite external temperature changes?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 2

A patient is experiencing muscle cramps due to an electrolyte imbalance. Which of the following best explains why maintaining ionic balance is vital for homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Ions conduct electrical currents necessary for nerve and muscle function.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between organic and inorganic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Organic compounds contain carbon and are usually large, while inorganic compounds do not contain carbon.

Question 4

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = 5$$

Question 5

Which of the following reactions represents the neutralization of an acid by a base?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{HCl} + \mathrm{NaOH} \rightarrow \mathrm{NaCl} + \mathrm{H_2O}$$

Question 6

Which buffer system is most important for maintaining blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the process of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Monomers are joined by the removal of a water molecule.

Question 8

Which of the following is a hexose sugar and the primary source of energy for cells?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 9

A triglyceride is formed by the combination of:

Accepted Answer

One glycerol and three fatty acids

Question 10

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They have a polar head and nonpolar tails, making them essential for cell membrane structure.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in the body?

Accepted Answer

It is a precursor for steroid hormones and is important in cell membrane structure.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 13

A protein loses its functional shape due to high fever. This process is called:

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific for their substrates?

Accepted Answer

The active site of an enzyme has a unique shape that fits only specific substrates.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acid

Question 16

Which base pairing is correct according to the DNA base-pair rule?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with Thymine

Question 17

ATP is often called the energy currency of the cell. Which of the following best describes how ATP provides energy for cellular work?

Accepted Answer

ATP transfers a phosphate group to other molecules, energizing them.

Question 18

A patient’s blood pH drops from 7.4 to 7.1. Which of the following best describes the physiological consequence?

Accepted Answer

Cell function may be impaired, and the change can be life-threatening.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of molecular chaperones in cells?

Accepted Answer

They assist in the proper folding and repair of proteins, especially during stress.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct example of a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down a disaccharide into two monosaccharides by adding water.

Chemistry Comes Alive: Foundations of Biochemistry for Anatomy & Physiology

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