Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a cation and an anion?

Accepted Answer

A cation has lost electrons and has a positive charge, while an anion has gained electrons and has a negative charge.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about water is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules interact via hydrogen bonds, which are constantly forming and breaking in the liquid state.

Question 3

A patient’s blood pH drops to 7.20. Which condition is this, and what is a possible consequence?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis; CNS depression that can lead to coma

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why water is called the 'universal solvent'?

Accepted Answer

Water’s polar nature allows it to disrupt ionic and polar covalent bonds, dissolving many substances.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct description of a saturated fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

It contains no double bonds and is typically solid at room temperature.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the process of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It forms polymers from monomers by removing water.

Question 7

A protein’s tertiary structure is disrupted by a high fever. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The protein will denature and lose its function.

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the Law of Mass Action as it applies to protein-ligand binding?

Accepted Answer

If the concentration of ligand increases, the reaction will shift to form more protein-ligand complexes.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of phospholipids in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They are the main component of cellular membranes.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the digestion and storage of carbohydrates from French fries?

Accepted Answer

Starch is digested into glucose, which is then used for energy and stored as glycogen for later use.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes an allosteric inhibitor?

Accepted Answer

It binds reversibly to a regulatory site and decreases protein-ligand binding.

Question 12

Which of the following is a property of non-polar covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared equally between atoms.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of triglycerides in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They store energy, insulate, and protect vital organs.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the relationship between protein structure and function?

Accepted Answer

The structure of a protein determines its function.

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE about the pH scale?

Accepted Answer

A change from pH 7 to pH 6 represents a 10-fold increase in [H+].

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

DNA is responsible for the transmission of genetic information.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the concept of protein-ligand specificity?

Accepted Answer

A protein binds only to certain ligands due to its specific structure.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a physical modulator of protein function?

Accepted Answer

Change in pH

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of up-regulation in cells?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates protein synthesis, increasing the amount of protein in the cell.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about electrolytes?

Accepted Answer

Electrolytes are inorganic substances whose ions conduct electrical current when dissolved in water.

Lecture 2: chemistry

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