Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the cranial cavity in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It encloses the brain, separated from other cavities by bones and tissue membranes.

Question 2

Which statement about the lumens of hollow organs is correct?

Accepted Answer

The lumen of some organs, such as the digestive tract, is an extension of the external environment.

Question 3

Functionally, the body has three fluid compartments. Which of the following correctly matches the compartment with its description?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular fluid (ICF): fluid within the cell

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a major function of the biological (cell) membrane?

Accepted Answer

Production of ATP for cellular energy

Question 5

The fluid mosaic model describes the cell membrane as:

Accepted Answer

A flexible structure with mobile phospholipids and proteins embedded in a lipid bilayer.

Question 6

Which type of membrane protein is most likely to function as a channel for chemical and electrical signals between cells?

Accepted Answer

Transmembrane integral proteins

Question 7

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder affecting the production of collagen. Which tissue function is most likely to be compromised?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical strength and anchoring of cells in connective tissue

Question 8

Which cell junction type is primarily responsible for restricting movement of material between adjacent cells?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between necrosis and apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Necrosis is cell death due to injury causing inflammation, while apoptosis is programmed cell death without inflammation.

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between total body water ($$TBW$$), intracellular fluid ($$ICF$$), and extracellular fluid ($$ECF$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$TBW = ICF + ECF$$

Question 11

A researcher is studying the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. Which epithelial type is most likely involved, and what feature supports its function?

Accepted Answer

Simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli

Question 12

Which connective tissue cell type is responsible for actively breaking down matrix during tissue remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 13

Which motor protein is directly involved in the movement of cilia and flagella?

Accepted Answer

Dynein

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct example of a cell-matrix junction and its associated adhesion molecule?

Accepted Answer

Hemidesmosome - integrin

Question 15

Which tissue type is characterized by its ability to generate and propagate electrical signals?

Accepted Answer

Muscle and neural tissue

Question 16

A patient with a mutation in the gene for claudin proteins would most likely have defects in which type of cell junction?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the skin is considered an organ?

Accepted Answer

It incorporates all four tissue types and performs multiple functions.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of the role of mitochondria in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They are the site of most ATP production, especially in cells with high energy demands.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the basal lamina in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

It separates epithelial cells from underlying tissue and provides structural support.

Question 20

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of the percentage of membrane lipids in a cell membrane, given the following data: lipid = 43%, protein = 49%, carbohydrate = 8%?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Percentage of lipids} = \frac{43}{43+49+8} 	imes 100$$

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues – Human Physiology Study Notes

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