Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

To break down food into absorbable units and eliminate indigestible remains.

Question 2

Which of the following organs is considered an accessory digestive organ rather than part of the alimentary canal?

Accepted Answer

Pancreas

Question 3

Which process of the digestive system involves the movement of nutrients from the lumen of the GI tract into the blood or lymph?

Accepted Answer

Absorption

Question 4

The peritoneum is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A double-layered serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering abdominal organs.

Question 5

Which of the following organs is NOT retroperitoneal?

Accepted Answer

Jejunum

Question 6

Why is the hepatic portal system important in digestion?

Accepted Answer

It transports absorbed nutrients from the GI tract to the liver for processing before entering systemic circulation.

Question 7

Which layer of the alimentary canal is primarily responsible for peristalsis and segmentation?

Accepted Answer

Muscularis externa

Question 8

A patient presents with difficulty swallowing (dysphagia). Which anatomical structure is most likely involved in the initial voluntary phase of swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Mouth (oral cavity)

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of saliva?

Accepted Answer

Emulsifying fats

Question 10

The dental formula for permanent teeth in humans is:

Accepted Answer

$$2-1-2-3/2-1-2-3$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of the alkaline tide?

Accepted Answer

A temporary increase in blood pH due to the influx of bicarbonate ions ($$\mathrm{$$HCO_3$$^-}) $$into the blood as gastric acid is produced.

Question 12

Which structural modification of the stomach wall enhances its ability to churn and mix food?

Accepted Answer

Oblique layer of smooth muscle

Question 13

Parietal cells in the stomach secrete which of the following, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Hydrochloric acid ($$\mathrm{HCl}$$); activates pepsinogen and kills microbes

Question 14

Which hormone stimulates the release of pancreatic juice and bile into the small intestine in response to the presence of fatty chyme?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a structural modification of the small intestine that increases surface area for absorption?

Accepted Answer

Rugae

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of bile in digestion?

Accepted Answer

It emulsifies fats, increasing their surface area for enzyme action.

Question 17

A patient has a blockage in the common bile duct. Which digestive process will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Fat emulsification in the small intestine

Question 18

Which enzyme is responsible for the chemical digestion of starches in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase

Question 19

Which of the following is a major function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of water and electrolytes

Question 20

Which of the following lists the correct end products of protein, fat, carbohydrate, and nucleic acid digestion, respectively?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids, fatty acids and monoglycerides, monosaccharides, nucleotides

Digestive System Study Guide – Anatomy & Physiology

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