Question 1

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action for a water-soluble hormone such as epinephrine?

Accepted Answer

It binds to a cell surface receptor, activating a second messenger system such as cyclic AMP (cAMP).

Question 2

A patient presents with polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. Laboratory results show elevated fasting blood glucose and an HbA1c of 9.2%. Which of the following best explains the mechanism behind the patient's excessive thirst?

Accepted Answer

High blood glucose causes increased osmotic pressure, leading to dehydration and stimulating the thirst center.

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the cAMP second messenger system?

Accepted Answer

Hormone binds receptor → G protein activated → Adenylate cyclase activated → cAMP produced → Protein kinase activated

Question 4

Which of the following hormones is NOT a tropic hormone released by the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 5

A patient with Addison's disease is noted to have hyperpigmentation of the skin. What is the pathophysiological mechanism behind this finding?

Accepted Answer

Increased ACTH stimulates melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) receptors, leading to increased melanin production.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes negative feedback in the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

A hormone inhibits the release of another hormone, maintaining homeostasis.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of humoral stimulation of hormone release?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) release in response to low blood calcium levels

Question 8

A 45-year-old woman presents with weight loss, heat intolerance, tachycardia, and exophthalmos. Laboratory findings show suppressed TSH and elevated free T4. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease)

Question 9

Which of the following is a key difference between Type I and Type II diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Type I is caused by autoimmune destruction of beta cells; Type II is primarily due to insulin resistance.

Question 10

A patient with Cushing's disease would most likely present with which of the following laboratory findings?

Accepted Answer

Elevated ACTH and elevated cortisol

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of hemoglobin A1C in diabetes management?

Accepted Answer

It reflects the average blood glucose over the past 2-3 months.

Question 12

A patient presents with muscle weakness, kidney stones, and bone pain. Laboratory findings show hypercalcemia and elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH). What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Hyperparathyroidism

Question 13

Which hormone is deficient in diabetes insipidus, and what is a classic symptom?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); excessive urination

Question 14

Which of the following is a lipid-soluble hormone?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 15

A patient with a pheochromocytoma is most likely to present with which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Episodic hypertension, palpitations, and sweating

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the three levels of endocrine control?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, target endocrine gland

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Bradycardia

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a hormone acting via direct gene activation?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone binding to intracellular receptors to increase sodium reabsorption

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a tropic hormone and its target organ?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) – Adrenal cortex

Endocrine System Exam Preparation – Step-by-Step Study Guidance

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드