$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H_2O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of negative feedback in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

It reverses deviations from a set point, restoring balance.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing dehydration. Which body cavity contains the kidneys, which play a major role in water balance?

Accepted Answer

Abdominal cavity

Question 3

Which of the following is a characteristic shared by all living things?

Accepted Answer

Responsiveness to stimuli

Question 4

A molecule of water ($$\mathrm{H_2O}) $$exhibits which type of chemical bond between its hydrogen and oxygen atoms?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bond

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of serous membranes?

Accepted Answer

They reduce friction between organs by secreting a watery fluid.

Question 6

A cell placed in a solution with a higher solute concentration than its cytoplasm will:

Accepted Answer

Lose water and shrink

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H_2O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 9

During protein synthesis, which process involves the conversion of DNA sequence into mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 10

Which of the following tissues is specialized for rapid communication and control?

Accepted Answer

Nervous tissue

Question 11

A biopsy reveals cells with a single layer of flat, scale-like appearance. Which epithelial tissue is most likely observed?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 12

Which connective tissue type is found in tendons and is characterized by parallel collagen fibers?

Accepted Answer

Dense regular connective tissue

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of body temperature

Question 14

A burn that damages both the epidermis and the entire dermis, but not the underlying hypodermis, is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Third-degree burn

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of melanin in the skin?

Accepted Answer

It protects against ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

Question 16

Which equation best represents the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{pH} = -\log_{10}[\mathrm{H^+}]$$

Question 17

A patient with a blood pH of 7.0 is experiencing which condition?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of gap junctions in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

They allow direct communication between adjacent cells.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life example of positive feedback in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Blood clotting after injury

Question 20

A cell undergoing mitosis is observed to have chromosomes aligned at the center of the cell. Which stage is this?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Exam 1 Study Guide: Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology (Chapters 1–5)

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