Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a compound and a mixture?

Accepted Answer

A compound consists of two or more elements chemically bonded together, while a mixture contains substances physically combined without chemical bonding.

Question 2

Which subatomic particle determines the chemical reactivity of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Electron

Question 3

A water molecule ($$\mathrm{H_2O}) is an $$example of which type of chemical bond?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bond

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The passage of food to the stomach

Question 5

If an atom has an atomic number of 8 and a mass number of 16, how many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$8$$

Question 6

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 7

Which type of chemical reaction is represented by the equation $$AB \rightarrow A + B$$?

Accepted Answer

Decomposition reaction

Question 8

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the second electron shell of an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$8$$

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why water ($$\mathrm{H_2O}) is an $$effective solvent for ionic compounds like NaCl?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules have a polar structure that allows them to surround and separate ions.

Question 10

Which of the following is true about the pH scale?

Accepted Answer

A solution with a pH of 3 has a higher concentration of hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 8.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a buffer in the context of body fluids?

Accepted Answer

A buffer prevents sudden changes in pH by neutralizing excess acids or bases.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct example of an exchange reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$AB + CD \rightarrow AD + CB$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a property of a colloid?

Accepted Answer

Solute particles scatter light but do not settle out.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the octet rule?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are most stable when they have eight electrons in their outermost shell.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of ionic sodium ($$\mathrm{Na^+}) in $$the body?

Accepted Answer

It is essential for nerve impulse transmission.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about hydrogen bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds form between molecules with partial positive and negative charges.

Question 17

Which of the following would increase the rate of a chemical reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

Adding a biological catalyst (enzyme)

Question 18

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-7}$$ mol/L. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$7$$

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why chemical reactions in the body are often irreversible?

Accepted Answer

The products are removed from the reaction site or used up in other reactions.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about polar covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared unequally, resulting in partial charges on the atoms.

Fundamental Chemistry Concepts for Anatomy & Physiology

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