Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between mass and weight?

Accepted Answer

Mass is the amount of matter in an object, while weight is mass plus the effects of gravity.

Question 2

A patient is exposed to a radioactive isotope for diagnostic imaging. Which property of the isotope is most relevant to its use in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

It emits subatomic particles and energy as it decays, which can be detected by scanners.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about energy is correct?

Accepted Answer

Energy is the capacity to do work or put matter into motion and does not have mass or occupy space.

Question 4

A sodium atom (Na) loses one electron to become a sodium ion (Na⁺). What type of bond is most likely to form between this sodium ion and a chloride ion (Cl⁻)?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why noble gases such as helium and neon are chemically inert?

Accepted Answer

Their outermost (valence) electron shell is complete.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of potential energy being converted to kinetic energy in the human body?

Accepted Answer

ATP stored in muscle cells is broken down to release energy for muscle contraction.

Question 7

Which of the following elements makes up the largest percentage of the human body by mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 8

A molecule of oxygen gas ($$O_2) is $$held together by which type of bond?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar covalent bond

Question 9

Which of the following best describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Question 10

If an atom has an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 14, how many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$14 - 6 = 8$$ neutrons

Question 11

Which of the following is a property of a liquid state of matter?

Accepted Answer

Definite volume but changeable shape

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a cation?

Accepted Answer

An atom that has lost one or more electrons and has a positive charge

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding energy conversions in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Some energy is always lost as heat during conversions, making the process inefficient.

Question 14

A molecule of water ($$H_2O) is $$held together by which type of bond between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bond

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why atoms form chemical bonds?

Accepted Answer

To achieve stability by filling their valence shell with electrons

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-life example of electrical energy in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The movement of ions across a neuron's membrane during a nerve impulse

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct electron configuration for a neutral atom of carbon ($$C$$), which has an atomic number of 6?

Accepted Answer

2 electrons in the first shell, 4 electrons in the second shell

Question 18

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom in one molecule and an electronegative atom in another molecule

Question 19

A patient is given a tracer dose of a radioisotope for a PET scan. Which property of radioisotopes makes this possible?

Accepted Answer

They emit detectable energy as they decay to more stable forms.

Question 20

Which of the following is the best example of radiant or electromagnetic energy in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The absorption of ultraviolet light by skin cells to produce vitamin D

Fundamental Chemistry Concepts for Human Anatomy & Physiology

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