$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which organ system is primarily responsible for protecting the body from disease by filtering lymph and housing immune cells?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic System

Question 2

Which anatomical plane divides the body into superior and inferior sections?

Accepted Answer

Transverse Plane

Question 3

The cranial cavity is located within which part of the body?

Accepted Answer

Head

Question 4

Which four elements make up approximately 96% of the human body’s mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

Question 5

An atom of carbon has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is its atomic number?

Accepted Answer

$$6$$

Question 6

According to the octet rule, how many electrons does an atom need in its valence shell to be most stable (excluding hydrogen and helium)?

Accepted Answer

$$8$$

Question 7

Which type of chemical bond results from the transfer of electrons from one atom to another?

Accepted Answer

Ionic Bond

Question 8

A solution of NaCl in water is an example of which type of mixture?

Accepted Answer

Solution

Question 9

Which property of water allows it to absorb a large amount of heat without a significant change in temperature?

Accepted Answer

High specific heat

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a hydrophilic molecule?

Accepted Answer

It is water-loving and dissolves in water.

Question 11

What is the pH of a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of $$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-7}$$ M?

Accepted Answer

$$7$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a polymer of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Polypeptide

Question 13

Which type of lipid is the primary component of cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why sodium chloride (NaCl) conducts electricity when dissolved in water?

Accepted Answer

It dissociates into ions, which are electrolytes.

Question 15

A patient is given an intravenous solution containing glucose. Which property of glucose allows it to dissolve in the blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

It is polar and hydrophilic.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the structure of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions as enzymes

Question 18

A patient with a blood pH of 7.1 is experiencing which condition?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why nonpolar covalent compounds do not dissolve in water?

Accepted Answer

They lack partial charges to interact with water molecules.

Question 20

Which of the following reactions represents the hydrolysis of ATP to release energy?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} + 	ext{energy}$$

Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology: Organ Systems, Body Planes, Cavities, and Biological Chemistry

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