Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of homeostasis in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The condition of maintaining the body’s internal environment in a relatively constant state.

Question 2

A patient presents with excessive urination and thirst. Laboratory tests reveal low ADH levels. Which condition is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes insipidus

Question 3

Which of the following hormones is produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and is primarily responsible for regulating sodium and potassium balance?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 4

Amino acid–based hormones are generally water-soluble and act via which mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Binding to plasma membrane receptors and activating G protein second messengers

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback mechanism in endocrine regulation?

Accepted Answer

Rising blood Ca$$^{2+}$$ levels inhibiting parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion

Question 6

A patient with Graves’ disease is likely to exhibit which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

High metabolic rate and hyperthyroidism

Question 7

Which hormone is released in response to low blood Ca$$^{2+}$$ levels and acts on the skeleton, kidneys, and intestine to increase Ca$$^{2+}$$ concentration?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 8

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of synergism in hormone interaction?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon and epinephrine both causing the liver to release glucose, amplifying the effect.

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the concept of hormone half-life?

Accepted Answer

The time required for the concentration of a hormone in the blood to decrease by half: $$t_{1/2}$$

Question 10

A patient with an anterior pituitary tumor is found to have enlarged hands, feet, and face. Which condition is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Question 11

Which of the following hormones is released by the posterior pituitary and acts as a strong stimulant of uterine contractions during childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of steroid hormone action?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones bind to intracellular receptors, enter the nucleus, and initiate DNA transcription to produce mRNA.

Question 13

Which of the following is a tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary that stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why only certain tissues respond to specific hormones?

Accepted Answer

Only tissues with specific receptors for a hormone will respond to that hormone.

Question 15

Which of the following hormones is produced by the pancreas and lowers blood glucose levels by promoting cellular uptake of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 16

A patient with untreated diabetes mellitus is likely to experience which of the following metabolic consequences?

Accepted Answer

Lipidemia and formation of ketone bodies, leading to ketoacidosis

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the permissiveness interaction between hormones?

Accepted Answer

One hormone cannot exert its full effects without another hormone being present.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct real-life example of hormonal regulation via humoral stimuli?

Accepted Answer

Declining blood Ca$$^{2+}$$ concentration stimulates parathyroid glands to secrete PTH.

Question 19

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the pineal gland and is involved in regulating sleep-wake cycles?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of glucocorticoids (such as cortisol) on metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Promote gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose from fats and proteins

Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology and the Endocrine System

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