Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a cation and an anion?

Accepted Answer

A cation has more protons than electrons, while an anion has more electrons than protons.

Question 2

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons equally between two atoms?

Accepted Answer

Non-polar covalent bond

Question 3

A patient’s blood pH drops to 7.20. What physiological condition does this represent, and what is a possible consequence?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis; CNS depression leading to coma

Question 4

Which of the following statements about water is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Water’s polar nature allows it to dissolve many substances, making it the universal solvent.

Question 5

Which process is responsible for breaking down glycogen into glucose molecules?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 6

A triglyceride molecule consists of which of the following components?

Accepted Answer

One glycerol molecule and three fatty acids

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

They have no double bonds, allowing molecules to pack closely together.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the digestion and storage of carbohydrates from French fries?

Accepted Answer

Starch is digested into glucose, which is then used for energy and stored as glycogen for later use.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of phospholipids in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They are the main component of cellular membranes.

Question 10

A protein’s tertiary structure is disrupted by high temperature. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The protein will lose its function due to denaturation.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the Law of Mass Action as it applies to protein-ligand binding?

Accepted Answer

If the concentration of protein or ligand changes, the reaction will shift to restore equilibrium.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of eicosanoids in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They are involved in cell signaling, such as inflammation and pain.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about nucleic acids is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

DNA transmits genetic information, while RNA is involved in protein synthesis.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes allosteric modulation of a protein?

Accepted Answer

A modulator binds reversibly to a regulatory site, altering protein activity.

Question 15

A solution has a pH of 4. What is the hydrogen ion concentration relative to a solution with pH 7?

Accepted Answer

It is 1000 times higher.

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE about the structure of an atom?

Accepted Answer

The nucleus contains protons and neutrons, while electrons orbit in shells.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why water has a high surface tension?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules create a barrier at the surface.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about protein-ligand binding?

Accepted Answer

Saturation occurs when all binding sites on a protein are occupied by ligands.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of up-regulation in cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

Production of thyroid receptors when plasma thyroid increases.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between organic and inorganic compounds in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Organic compounds contain large amounts of carbon and hydrogen, while inorganic compounds generally do not.

Introduction to Chemistry for Anatomy & Physiology

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