Question 1

Which process describes the storage of glucose as glycogen in the liver, and what is the main hormone that promotes this process?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenesis; insulin

Question 2

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules per glucose molecule, and what are the end products?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP; 2 pyruvic acid

Question 3

If oxygen is not present after glycolysis, what happens to pyruvic acid in human cells?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to lactic acid

Question 4

Which coenzyme is derived from niacin and plays a key role in the oxidation of glucose?

Accepted Answer

NAD

Question 5

What is the chemical equation for the conversion of NAD to NADH during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NAD + H \rightarrow NADH}$$

Question 6

Which vitamin is metabolized to form FAD, a coenzyme involved in glucose oxidation?

Accepted Answer

Riboflavin

Question 7

What is the effect of lactic acid accumulation in the bloodstream during anaerobic metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Decrease in blood pH

Question 8

Which process describes the breakdown of glycogen to release glucose, and which hormone typically stimulates this process?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenolysis; glucagon

Question 9

In the absence of oxygen, what is the fate of NADH produced during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

It is used to reduce pyruvic acid to lactic acid

Question 10

Which equation represents the conversion of lactic acid back to pyruvic acid in the liver?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{lactic\ acid \rightarrow pyruvic\ acid}$$

Question 11

Which coenzyme is formed from pantothenic acid and is essential for binding acetyl groups during metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Coenzyme A

Question 12

A patient with cardiac arrest is unable to breathe. Which metabolic pathway will be the primary source of ATP, and how many ATP molecules are produced per glucose?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic glycolysis; 2 ATP

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of insulin in glucose metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Insulin promotes glycogenesis and facilitates glucose entry into cells

Question 14

What is the first step that occurs when glucose enters a body cell?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group is added to trap glucose inside the cell

Question 15

Which process is described by the equation $$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$ \rightarrow 2\ pyruvic\ acid + 2\ ATP + 2\ NADH}$$?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 16

During anaerobic metabolism, why is only 2 ATP produced per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Because glycolysis is the only pathway used and it produces 2 ATP

Question 17

Which statement best explains why lactic acid is formed during anaerobic metabolism?

Accepted Answer

To regenerate NAD+ so glycolysis can continue

Question 18

Which of the following is an anabolic reaction involving amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Combining amino acids to make body proteins

Question 19

Which equation represents the reduction of FAD during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{FAD + H \rightarrow $$FADH_2$$}$$

Question 20

A marathon runner experiences muscle fatigue and soreness after a sprint. Which metabolic process is most likely responsible for this, and what is the main byproduct?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic glycolysis; lactic acid

Metabolism: Overview and Anaerobic Breakdown of Glucose

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