Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Exocrine glands release their secretions into ducts, while endocrine glands release hormones into the interstitial fluid and then into the bloodstream.

Question 2

Upregulation of hormone receptors occurs when:

Accepted Answer

There is a low level of hormone in the blood, causing an increase in receptor number.

Question 3

Which of the following is true regarding autocrine and paracrine signaling?

Accepted Answer

Autocrine signals act on the same cell that released them, while paracrine signals act on nearby cells.

Question 4

Water-soluble hormones are primarily derived from:

Accepted Answer

Amino acids

Question 5

Lipid-soluble hormones, such as steroid hormones, are derived from which precursor molecule?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 7

Which anterior pituitary hormones are classified as tropic hormones?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 8

The hypothalamus produces two general categories of hormones that act on the anterior pituitary. These are:

Accepted Answer

Releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones

Question 9

Which hormones are produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 10

During the stress response, which sequence of hormone release occurs?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus releases CRH → anterior pituitary releases ACTH → adrenal cortex releases cortisol

Question 11

Cortisol enhances which physiological response to help maintain blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Vasoconstriction and inhibition of inflammation

Question 12

Which hormone released by the adrenal cortex promotes salt and water reabsorption in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 13

Which posterior pituitary hormone aids in the stress response by promoting water retention and acts as a potent vasoconstrictor at high levels?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 14

The specific response of a hormone at the target tissue is determined by:

Accepted Answer

The type of receptor present on the target cell

Question 15

Which statement about Type I Diabetes Mellitus is correct?

Accepted Answer

Type I Diabetes Mellitus is an autoimmune disease with a weak genetic component and typically presents in childhood.

Question 16

Which hormone is released in response to low blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 17

Which of the following mechanisms does NOT raise blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Increased calcium excretion in the urine

Question 18

A patient with chronic stress is likely to have elevated levels of which hormone, and what is a potential consequence?

Accepted Answer

Elevated cortisol, leading to suppressed immune function and increased blood pressure

Question 19

If a patient has a deficiency in ADH, which of the following symptoms would most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

Increased urine output and dehydration

Question 20

A multi-step scenario: A patient presents with low blood calcium, increased PTH, and increased bone resorption. Which equation best represents the relationship between calcium homeostasis and PTH action?

Accepted Answer

$$ \Delta [Ca$$^{2+}$$] = PTH 	imes (	ext{bone resorption} + 	ext{intestinal absorption} + 	ext{renal reabsorption}) $$

Module 2 Physiology Worksheet Guidance – Endocrine System & Hormone Regulation

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