$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structural arrangement of phospholipids in the plasma membrane according to the fluid mosaic model?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic phosphate heads face the aqueous environments, while hydrophobic fatty acid tails face inward, forming a bilayer.

Question 2

A patient receives an intravenous solution that is hypotonic relative to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will swell and may burst (lyse) as water enters the cell.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP, a key exergonic reaction in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information for the cell

Question 5

During cellular respiration, which organic compound is primarily broken down to produce ATP?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 6

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. Which of the following best describes what happens to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water leaves the cell, causing it to shrink (crenate).

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why oxygen is required for efficient ATP synthesis in cells?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration, allowing maximal ATP production.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct description of the sodium-potassium pump (Na+/K+ ATPase)?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 Na+ ions out of the cell and 2 K+ ions into the cell per ATP hydrolyzed.

Question 9

Which of the following organic compounds is the main structural component of cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Question 10

A cell needs to import a large, specific molecule from its environment. Which transport mechanism is most likely used?

Accepted Answer

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between anabolic and catabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Anabolic reactions build complex molecules; catabolic reactions break them down.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Catalysis of biochemical reactions as enzymes

Question 13

Which of the following equations represents the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i \rightarrow \mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE about facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It uses protein channels or carriers to move substances down their concentration gradient.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of nucleic acids in cells?

Accepted Answer

Storage and retrieval of genetic information

Question 16

A nerve cell is unable to maintain its resting membrane potential. Which membrane transport mechanism is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pump (Na+/K+ ATPase)

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Glucose/Na+ cotransport using the Na+ gradient established by the Na+/K+ pump

Question 18

Which of the following is a major function of triglycerides in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage in adipose tissue

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of ribose and deoxyribose in cells?

Accepted Answer

They are structural components of nucleic acids.

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the movement of water across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Water moves through aquaporins or between phospholipids via osmosis.

Organic Compounds and Cell Structure in Anatomy & Physiology

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