Question 1

Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing blood calcium levels when they are low?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 2

A patient presents with symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. Laboratory tests reveal hyperglycemia and glycosuria. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Type I Diabetes Mellitus

Question 3

Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland and is involved in regulating circadian rhythms?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action for steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

They diffuse through the plasma membrane and bind to intracellular receptors.

Question 5

A person on a very low carbohydrate diet is most likely to have increased secretion of which pancreatic hormone?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 6

Which of the following is a long-term complication of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Retinal damage (blindness)

Question 7

Which hormone is secreted by the heart in response to increased blood pressure and acts to decrease blood volume?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why water-soluble hormones cannot enter target cells directly?

Accepted Answer

They are repelled by the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane.

Question 9

A patient is experiencing hypoglycemia, weakness, and hunger after an insulin injection. Which hormone(s) would be secreted in response to this state?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine, growth hormone, and glucagon

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the concept of enzyme amplification in hormone action?

Accepted Answer

A single hormone molecule can trigger the activation of many enzymes, leading to a large cellular response.

Question 11

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the development of T-cells in the thymus?

Accepted Answer

Thymosin

Question 12

Which of the following is a paracrine secretion involved in allergic reactions and causes vasodilation?

Accepted Answer

Histamine

Question 13

A woman develops gestational diabetes during pregnancy. What is the primary cause?

Accepted Answer

Placental hormones deactivate insulin receptors

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between paracrine secretions and hormones?

Accepted Answer

Paracrine secretions act on nearby cells, while hormones travel through the bloodstream to distant targets.

Question 15

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing Type II Diabetes Mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Obesity

Question 16

Which hormone is produced by the kidneys and stimulates red blood cell production?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the half-life of a hormone?

Accepted Answer

The time required to clear 50% of the hormone from the blood

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of eicosanoids as paracrine secretions?

Accepted Answer

Mediate allergic and inflammatory reactions

Question 19

Which hormone is secreted by the ovaries and is responsible for regulating the menstrual cycle and sustaining pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone

Question 20

A patient is prescribed a COX-2 inhibitor for inflammation. Which pathway is being targeted?

Accepted Answer

Eicosanoid synthesis

Other Endocrine Glands and Hormone Physiology: Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide

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