Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a typical somatic cell?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a selectively permeable barrier, regulates exchange with the environment, and provides structural support.

Question 2

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. Which of the following will most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrivel or crenate.

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing proteins, and what is its structural characteristic?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes; nonmembranous and composed of RNA and protein.

Question 4

During facilitated diffusion, which of the following is true regarding the movement of solutes?

Accepted Answer

Solutes move down their concentration gradient with the help of membrane proteins, without using ATP.

Question 5

Which equation best represents the breakdown of ATP during active transport?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{ATP} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} $$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between cytoplasm and cytosol?

Accepted Answer

Cytosol is the fluid portion of the cytoplasm, while cytoplasm includes the organelles and cytoskeleton suspended in the cytosol.

Question 7

A cell is actively transporting sodium ions out and potassium ions in. Which transport mechanism is being used?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport via the sodium-potassium pump

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

Proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates are scattered throughout the phospholipid bilayer, creating a dynamic and flexible structure.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of glycolipids and glycoproteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Cell recognition and identification.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes the membrane structure when temperature changes.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct example of cotransport (symport) across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Sodium and glucose moving together in the same direction into the cell.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Bringing substances into the cell by forming vesicles from the plasma membrane.

Question 15

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of epithelial tissue compared to other tissue types?

Accepted Answer

It forms glandular structures and covers surfaces.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosome subunits.

Question 17

Which of the following is a major component of the extracellular matrix in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Collagen fibers

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of fibrosis during tissue repair?

Accepted Answer

Formation of scar tissue by deposition of collagen fibers.

Question 19

Which of the following equations best represents the movement of water during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Water moves from} \; [	ext{Low solute}] \; ightarrow \; [	ext{High solute}] $$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the structural difference between integral and peripheral membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Integral proteins reach both sides of the membrane, while peripheral proteins are attached to one side or to integral proteins.

The Cell and Histology 3-4 Study Guide: Structure, Function, and Organization

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