Question 1

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids are critical to the structure of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads allow them to form a bilayer that separates the cell from its environment.

Question 2

A patient with Tay-Sachs disease is unable to break down glycolipids in neurons. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct description of the secondary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

It involves the formation of alpha-helices and beta-sheets stabilized by hydrogen bonds.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of mitochondria in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They produce ATP through aerobic respiration.

Question 5

A cell is observed to have an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of large amounts of proteins for export

Question 6

Which of the following statements about water as a solvent in the human body is correct?

Accepted Answer

Water's polarity allows it to dissolve ionic compounds like NaCl by surrounding the ions.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 8

Which of the following is a polysaccharide used for energy storage in human cells?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 9

A mutation prevents the formation of microtubules in a cell. Which of the following processes would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cell division (mitosis)

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fatty acids increase membrane fluidity?

Accepted Answer

The cis double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids create kinks, preventing tight packing of phospholipids.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins for export

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the relationship between structure and function in cells?

Accepted Answer

The shape and subcellular components of a cell determine its specific function.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a carbohydrate and its function?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide – quick source of energy

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why DNA is considered the genetic library of the cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains the instructions for the synthesis of nearly all cellular proteins.

Question 15

A cell is observed to have a large number of peroxisomes. Which of the following is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of harmful substances such as free radicals

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They are the site of protein synthesis.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of a mutation in the gene encoding a lysosomal enzyme?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of undigested substrates leading to cellular dysfunction, as seen in Tay-Sachs disease.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the importance of compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It allows for specialized environments and functions within different organelles.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and facilitating movement of cell components

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosome subunits.

The Cell: Structure, Chemistry, and Function

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