Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions into the cell using ATP.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell and eventually bursts. Which of the following best describes the tonicity of the solution relative to the cytosol?

Accepted Answer

The solution is hypotonic to the cytosol.

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of ATP through oxidative catabolism?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

A patient is exposed to a toxin that inhibits RNA polymerase. What is the most immediate cellular process that will be affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis (transcription)

Question 5

Which of the following statements about osmosis is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis requires a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why the plasma membrane is described as a 'fluid mosaic'?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of a variety of molecules that move laterally within the layer.

Question 7

A cell is actively transporting glucose against its concentration gradient using the energy stored in a sodium ion gradient. Which type of transport is this?

Accepted Answer

Secondary active transport

Question 8

Which cytoskeletal element is most directly involved in muscle contraction and the crawling movement of phagocytes?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments (microfilaments)

Question 9

A genetic mutation causes a defect in the protein components of cilia and flagella. Which of the following symptoms would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Impaired movement of mucus in the respiratory tract

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

Oxidizing toxic substances and breaking down fatty acids

Question 12

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and shrink (crenate).

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE about facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It moves solutes down their concentration gradient with the help of a membrane protein.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

They digest macromolecules and worn-out organelles.

Question 15

Which process is responsible for bringing large particles such as bacteria into certain immune cells?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 16

Which of the following is a direct consequence of a mutation that prevents the formation of functional chloride ion channels in the plasma membrane, as seen in cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

Thick mucus buildup in the lungs and digestive system

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the relationship between DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 18

Which of the following is a key difference between simple diffusion and osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis requires a selectively permeable membrane, while simple diffusion does not.

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the resting membrane potential of a typical animal cell?

Accepted Answer

The inside of the cell is more negative than the outside.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the nuclear envelope?

Accepted Answer

It encloses the nucleus and separates it from the cytoplasm.

The Cell: Structure, Function, and Processes – Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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