Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the plasma membrane in a typical human cell?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the exchange of materials with the environment.

Question 2

Which organelle is responsible for the production of most of the cell’s ATP through aerobic metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 3

A cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell until it bursts. What type of solution is the cell in, and what is the process called?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic solution; osmosis

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why oxygen can diffuse freely across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is lipid-soluble and nonpolar.

Question 5

What is the main function of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 6

A mutation causes a cell to lose its ability to produce catalase. Which organelle’s function will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct description of the sodium-potassium exchange pump?

Accepted Answer

It moves three sodium ions out and two potassium ions in using ATP.

Question 8

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi apparatus in protein processing?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 10

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that prevents the formation of microtubules. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Movement of chromosomes during cell division

Question 11

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses carrier proteins to move molecules down their concentration gradient.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown and recycling of damaged organelles and pathogens

Question 13

Which process is responsible for the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane toward a higher solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 14

A cell is exposed to a toxin that inhibits all forms of vesicular transport. Which of the following processes would be directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis of neurotransmitters

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the glycocalyx on the cell surface?

Accepted Answer

Lubrication and protection

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the relationship between cell division and cancer?

Accepted Answer

Cancer is caused by mutations that disrupt normal control of cell division.

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

A triplet of DNA bases codes for one amino acid.

Question 18

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink due to water loss.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of RNA from a DNA template

Question 20

Which of the following is a key difference between primary and secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport directly uses ATP, while secondary active transport relies on gradients established by primary active transport.

The Cellular Level of Organization: Structure and Function of Cells

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