Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between an element and a compound?

Accepted Answer

An element is a pure substance composed of atoms with the same number of protons, while a compound is a chemical substance composed of atoms of two or more different elements.

Question 2

A patient receives a PET scan using a radioisotope. Which property of the radioisotope is most critical for its use in this diagnostic procedure?

Accepted Answer

It emits radiation that can be detected by imaging equipment as it decays.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about electron shells is correct?

Accepted Answer

The first electron shell can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, while the second and third shells can each hold up to 8 electrons.

Question 4

A sodium atom (Na) loses one electron to become Na+. What type of ion is formed and what is its charge?

Accepted Answer

A cation with a charge of +1

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why water is a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

The oxygen atom is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms, causing unequal sharing of electrons.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{AH} + \mathrm{BOH} \rightarrow \mathrm{AB} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$$

Question 7

A solution with a pH of 5 contains:

Accepted Answer

More hydrogen ions ($$\mathrm{H}^+) $$than hydroxide ions ($$\mathrm{OH}^-)$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required for biochemical reactions to occur.

Question 9

Which of the following is true regarding the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA consists of two complementary strands held together by hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why humans cannot digest cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzymes to break the specific bonds between glucose molecules in cellulose.

Question 11

A patient is experiencing muscle spasms due to a blood pH of 7.9. What is the most likely physiological condition?

Accepted Answer

Alkalosis

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of triglycerides in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage and insulation

Question 13

Which of the following best describes a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

A covalent bond between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct complementary base pair in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine-Thymine

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

The attachment of a phosphate group to another molecule

Question 16

Which of the following is a property of a nonpolar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared equally between two atoms.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered a high-energy compound?

Accepted Answer

It contains covalent bonds between phosphate groups that release energy when broken.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct representation of a reversible reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{A} + \mathrm{B} \leftrightarrow \mathrm{AB}$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between a monosaccharide and a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A monosaccharide is a single simple sugar, while a disaccharide is composed of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.

Question 20

Which of the following is a trace element in the human body with a poorly understood function?

Accepted Answer

Vanadium (V)

The Chemical Level of Organization: Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드