Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why atoms are electrically neutral?

Accepted Answer

Because the number of protons equals the number of electrons, cancelling each other's charge.

Question 2

A patient is injected with a radioisotope to image the thyroid gland. Which property of radioisotopes makes this possible?

Accepted Answer

Radioisotopes have unstable nuclei that release high energy or radiation during decay.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes a suspension mixture in the human body?

Accepted Answer

A mixture containing large, unevenly distributed particles that will settle out when left undisturbed.

Question 4

Which type of chemical bond is responsible for the surface tension of water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 5

A sodium atom loses one electron to form a sodium ion. What type of ion is formed and what is its charge?

Accepted Answer

A cation with a positive charge

Question 6

Which of the following molecules is most likely to dissolve in water?

Accepted Answer

A polar covalent molecule such as glucose

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents a catabolic (decomposition) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$AB \rightarrow A + B$$

Question 8

During an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, which reactant is oxidized?

Accepted Answer

The reactant that loses electrons

Question 9

Which factor will increase the rate of a chemical reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Adding a catalyst

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct statement about enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes decrease activation energy and increase reaction rate.

Question 11

A patient with Tay-Sachs disease has a deficiency in which type of molecule?

Accepted Answer

An enzyme

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

A molecule with two fatty acid tails, a glycerol backbone, and a phosphate head

Question 13

Which of the following is a polymer formed by dehydration synthesis of glucose monomers?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 14

Which level of protein structure is directly disrupted by denaturation due to heat or pH changes?

Accepted Answer

Secondary and tertiary structure

Question 15

Which of the following is true about DNA structure?

Accepted Answer

DNA is composed of two strands held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly represents the formation of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate?

Accepted Answer

$$ADP + P_i + 	ext{energy} ightarrow ATP$$

Question 17

Which of the following statements about water is correct?

Accepted Answer

Water has a high heat capacity and acts as a lubricant in the body.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct example of an exchange reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$AB + CD \rightarrow AD + BC$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a nonpolar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed between two nonmetals with similar or identical electronegativities, resulting in equal sharing of electrons.

Question 20

Which of the following is a monomer of nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

The Chemistry of Life: Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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