Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands secrete substances through ducts to an epithelial surface.

Question 2

A patient presents with weight gain, cold sensitivity, and puffy facial tissue. Laboratory tests reveal low levels of thyroid hormones. Which hormone is most likely under-secreted, and what is the likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

TSH; Myxedema

Question 3

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the development of ovarian follicles in females and sperm production in males?

Accepted Answer

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Question 4

A child is diagnosed with gigantism. Which hormone is being hypersecreted, and from which gland?

Accepted Answer

Growth Hormone (hGH); Anterior Pituitary

Question 5

Which of the following is a direct effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Increases water reabsorption

Question 6

A patient with Cushing’s syndrome is likely to exhibit which of the following symptoms due to excess cortisol?

Accepted Answer

Moon face and buffalo hump

Question 7

Which hormone is released in response to uterine stretching during labor, and what type of feedback mechanism does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin; Positive feedback

Question 8

A patient with diabetes insipidus is most likely to have a deficiency in which hormone, and what is a classic symptom?

Accepted Answer

ADH; Increased urine output

Question 9

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the adrenal cortex to release cortisol?

Accepted Answer

ACTH

Question 10

A patient presents with bulging eyes, weight loss, and anxiety. Laboratory tests reveal high levels of thyroid hormones. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Grave’s Disease

Question 11

Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary and acts on the mammary glands to stimulate milk production?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of tropic hormones?

Accepted Answer

They stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones.

Question 13

A patient with Addison’s disease is likely to have which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Bronzed skin and muscle weakness

Question 14

Which hormone is responsible for increasing basal metabolic rate, oxygen consumption, and heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid Hormone (T3/T4)

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of electrolyte balance

Question 16

A patient with hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood would most likely present with which condition?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary Dwarfism

Question 17

Which hormone is secreted in response to low blood calcium levels and promotes bone formation?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the negative feedback mechanism in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis?

Accepted Answer

High levels of thyroid hormone inhibit the release of TRH and TSH.

Question 19

Which hormone is released from the adrenal medulla during a 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 20

A woman is unable to breastfeed due to lack of milk let down, despite normal milk production. Which hormone is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

The Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Disorders

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