Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands secrete substances through ducts to an epithelial surface.

Question 2

A patient presents with weight gain, cold sensitivity, and puffy facial tissue. Laboratory tests reveal low levels of thyroid hormones. Which hormone is most likely deficient, and what is the likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Low TSH; Myxedema (adult hypothyroidism)

Question 3

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the development of ovarian follicles in females and sperm production in males?

Accepted Answer

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Question 4

A child is diagnosed with gigantism. Which hormone is being hypersecreted, and from which gland?

Accepted Answer

Growth Hormone (hGH) from the anterior pituitary

Question 5

Which hormone is released in response to uterine stretching during labor, and what type of feedback mechanism does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin; positive feedback

Question 6

A patient with Cushing Syndrome is likely to exhibit which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Moon face, buffalo hump, and hyperglycemia

Question 7

Which hormone is primarily responsible for water reabsorption in the kidneys, and what is a consequence of its hyposecretion?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); Diabetes Insipidus

Question 8

Which of the following best explains the role of negative feedback in the regulation of thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

High levels of thyroid hormone inhibit TSH and TRH release, reducing further thyroid hormone production.

Question 9

A patient presents with early onset of puberty and masculinizing effects in a female. Which hormone is likely hypersecreted?

Accepted Answer

Androgens

Question 10

Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce glucocorticoids?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Question 11

Which hormone is responsible for milk let-down during breastfeeding, and where is it produced?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin; hypothalamus (released by posterior pituitary)

Question 12

A patient with Addison’s Disease is likely to have which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Bronzed skin, muscle weakness, and dehydration

Question 13

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating ovulation in females and testosterone production in males?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)?

Accepted Answer

Increase heart rate and stimulate appetite

Question 15

A patient with diabetes insipidus is most likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Increased urine output and dehydration

Question 16

Which hormone is secreted in response to stress and is responsible for increasing blood sugar and suppressing the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 17

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating milk production in the mammary glands?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Question 18

A patient with Grave’s Disease is likely to present with which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Bulging eyes (exophthalmos), heat intolerance, and anxiety

Question 19

Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of paracrine signaling?

Accepted Answer

Local hormones are secreted into tissue fluid and act on nearby cells.

The Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Hormonal Regulation

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