Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands secrete substances through ducts to an epithelial surface.

Question 2

A patient presents with weight gain, cold sensitivity, and puffy facial tissue. Laboratory tests reveal low levels of T3 and T4. Which hormone is most likely hyposecreted?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Question 3

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating ovulation in females and testosterone production in males?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Question 4

A child is diagnosed with gigantism. Which hormone is most likely hypersecreted, and from which gland?

Accepted Answer

Growth Hormone (GH) from the anterior pituitary

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of cortisol, the main glucocorticoid released by the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Increases blood sugar, stimulates fat and protein catabolism, and suppresses the immune system

Question 6

A patient with Cushing syndrome is likely to exhibit which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Moon face, buffalo hump, and hyperglycemia

Question 7

Which hormone is released in response to uterine stretching during labor, and what type of feedback mechanism does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin; positive feedback

Question 8

A patient with diabetes insipidus is most likely to have a deficiency in which hormone, and what is a classic symptom?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); excessive urine output

Question 9

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the development of ovarian follicles in females and sperm production in males?

Accepted Answer

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Question 10

A patient presents with bulging eyes, weight loss, and anxiety. Laboratory tests reveal high T3 and T4, but low TSH. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Grave’s disease

Question 11

Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of negative feedback in the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

It inhibits the release of tropic hormones when target organ hormone levels are high.

Question 13

Which hormone is responsible for milk let-down during breastfeeding, and where is it produced?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin; hypothalamus (released by posterior pituitary)

Question 14

A patient with Addison’s disease is likely to have which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Bronzed skin, muscle weakness, and low blood pressure

Question 15

Which hormone is secreted in response to high blood calcium levels and promotes bone formation?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 16

Which hormone is most likely to be elevated in a patient with early onset of puberty and masculinizing effects in women?

Accepted Answer

Androgens

Question 17

Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary and promotes growth of bone, muscle, and fat tissue?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 18

A patient with pituitary dwarfism most likely has which of the following hormonal imbalances?

Accepted Answer

Hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood

Question 19

Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary and acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 20

Which of the following is a direct effect of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) on the body?

Accepted Answer

Increase in basal metabolic rate and oxygen consumption

The Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Hormonal Regulation

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