Question 1

Which of the following best describes a negative feedback loop in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

A process where the response reverses the original stimulus, such as regulation of blood glucose levels.

Question 2

A patient is given a radioisotope for imaging purposes. Which property of radioisotopes makes them useful in medical diagnostics?

Accepted Answer

They emit radiation that can be detected by specialized equipment, allowing visualization of internal structures.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between atomic number ($$Z$$), mass number ($$A$$), and the number of neutrons ($$N) in an $$atom?

Accepted Answer

$$A = Z + N$$

Question 4

Which of the following is a characteristic of a saturated fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

It is typically solid at room temperature and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 6

A solution has a pH of 3. Which statement is true about this solution?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic and has a high concentration of $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ ions.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of passive transport across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion of glucose through a carrier protein.

Question 8

Which macromolecule class is primarily responsible for catalyzing biochemical reactions in the body?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 9

During an oxidation-reduction reaction, which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

The reduced molecule gains electrons.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between a polar covalent bond and a nonpolar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bonds involve unequal sharing of electrons, resulting in partial charges; nonpolar covalent bonds involve equal sharing.

Question 11

Which equation represents the energy change in an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G \u003c 0$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the serous fluid found between the visceral and parietal layers?

Accepted Answer

It reduces friction between organs and body wall during movement.

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 $$\mathrm{Na^+}$$ ions out of the cell and 2 $$\mathrm{K^+}$$ ions into the cell, using ATP.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the pathway a protein takes from synthesis to secretion?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus $$\rightarrow$$ rER $$\rightarrow$$ transport vesicle $$\rightarrow$$ Golgi apparatus $$\rightarrow$$ secretory vesicle $$\rightarrow$$ cell membrane

Question 15

Which of the following statements about DNA base pairing is correct?

Accepted Answer

A pairs with T via two hydrogen bonds.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-life example of a buffer system in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The bicarbonate buffer system maintains blood pH by neutralizing excess acids or bases.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of enzymes?

Accepted Answer

They are consumed during the reaction.

Question 18

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct example of base pairing during transcription from DNA to mRNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA: A $$\rightarrow$$ mRNA: U

Question 20

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of phospholipids compared to other lipids?

Accepted Answer

They contain a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails, allowing them to form bilayers in cell membranes.

Unit 1 Study Guide: Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology, Chemistry of Life, and The Cell

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