Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between gross anatomy and histology?

Accepted Answer

Gross anatomy studies structures visible to the naked eye, while histology examines tissues at the microscopic level.

Question 2

A patient is lying face up with arms at their sides and palms facing forward. Which anatomical position is this?

Accepted Answer

Supine anatomical position

Question 3

Which of the following correctly lists the levels of organization in the human body from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Atoms → Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ Systems → Organism

Question 4

Which organ system is primarily responsible for regulating body temperature and protecting against environmental hazards?

Accepted Answer

Integumentary system

Question 5

A scientist observes that a plant grows toward light. Which characteristic of living things does this best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Responsiveness

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of serous fluid in body cavities?

Accepted Answer

It reduces friction between organs as they move.

Question 7

A patient has a blood sodium level of 140 mEq/L. If their sodium rises, the body initiates mechanisms to lower it. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct statement about the Octet Rule?

Accepted Answer

Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve eight electrons in their valence shell.

Question 9

Which of the following molecules is amphipathic, containing both polar and nonpolar regions?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

Observation → Hypothesis → Experiment → Data Analysis → Conclusion

Question 11

Which of the following best describes an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that releases energy, such as $$ \mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6\mathrm{O}_2 ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{energy} $$

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a building block of nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids

Question 13

Which process describes the breakdown of glycogen to release glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenolysis

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a redox (oxidation-reduction) reaction?

Accepted Answer

One reactant loses electrons (is oxidized) while another gains electrons (is reduced).

Question 15

Which of the following is a catabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

The hydrolysis of proteins into amino acids

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding ATP formation?

Accepted Answer

ATP formation from ADP and phosphate is an endergonic reaction.

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct order of enzyme action?

Accepted Answer

Substrate binds to enzyme → Enzyme-substrate complex forms → Reaction occurs → Product is released

Question 18

A molecule with the formula $$ \mathrm{C}_{16}\mathrm{H}_{32}\mathrm{O}_2  is $$most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Fatty acid

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with a disease that affects the mitochondria, reducing ATP production. Which type of energy is most directly impacted?

Accepted Answer

Chemical potential energy

Unit 1 Study Notes: Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology and The Chemistry of Life

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