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Ch. 24 The Urinary System
Amerman- Human Anatomy & Physiology 3e
Amerman3rd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780138247201, 9780138247928, 9780138201814당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경
모든 교과서Amerman 3rd EditionCh. 24 The Urinary System문제 6
24장, 문제 6

Which of the following substances would pass through the filtration membrane to become part of the filtrate under normal circumstances? (Circle all that apply.)
a. Sodium ions
b. Albumin
c. Glucose
d. Erythrocytes
e. Leukocytes
f. Amino acids
g. Urea

검증된 단계별 안내
1
Understand the structure and function of the filtration membrane in the renal corpuscle. The filtration membrane consists of three layers: the fenestrated endothelium of glomerular capillaries, the basement membrane, and the filtration slits formed by podocytes. It allows small molecules to pass while preventing the passage of larger molecules and cells.
Recall the size and charge selectivity of the filtration membrane. Small solutes like ions, glucose, and urea can pass through, while larger molecules like proteins (e.g., albumin) and cells (e.g., erythrocytes and leukocytes) are typically too large to pass under normal circumstances.
Analyze each substance listed in the question: a. Sodium ions are small and positively charged, so they can pass through the filtration membrane. b. Albumin is a large protein and is normally too large to pass through. c. Glucose is a small molecule and can pass through. d. Erythrocytes (red blood cells) are too large to pass through. e. Leukocytes (white blood cells) are also too large to pass through. f. Amino acids are small molecules and can pass through. g. Urea is a small waste product and can pass through.
Identify the substances that can pass through the filtration membrane under normal circumstances: sodium ions, glucose, amino acids, and urea. Exclude albumin, erythrocytes, and leukocytes as they are too large to pass through.
Conclude that the substances that would pass through the filtration membrane to become part of the filtrate under normal circumstances are sodium ions, glucose, amino acids, and urea.

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주요 개념

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Filtration Membrane

The filtration membrane is a selective barrier in the kidneys, specifically in the glomerulus, that allows certain substances to pass into the filtrate while retaining larger molecules and cells. It consists of three layers: the fenestrated endothelium, the basement membrane, and the podocytes. This structure is crucial for maintaining the balance of fluids and electrolytes in the body.
추천 영상:
4:30
The Filtration Membane

Substance Size and Charge

The ability of a substance to pass through the filtration membrane is largely determined by its size and charge. Small molecules, such as sodium ions, glucose, and urea, can easily pass through, while larger molecules like albumin and cells (erythrocytes and leukocytes) are typically retained. This selective permeability is essential for proper kidney function and homeostasis.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
03:45
3 Size Classes of Carbohydrates

Normal Filtrate Composition

Normal filtrate composition includes water, electrolytes, and small organic molecules, which are essential for bodily functions. Substances like glucose, amino acids, and urea are typically found in the filtrate, while proteins and blood cells are not. Understanding what constitutes normal filtrate helps in diagnosing kidney function and potential disorders.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
3:43
Normal Microbiota
관련 실천
교과서 질문

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

d. Filtrate flows from the renal corpuscle to the distal tubule, the nephron loop, the proximal tubule, and into the collecting system.

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교과서 질문

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

b. The distal tubule reabsorbs sodium ions and secretes potassium and hydrogen ions in response to ADH.

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교과서 질문

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

c. Sodium ion reabsorption creates a gradient that helps drive the reabsorption of water and many other solutes from the proximal tubule.

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교과서 질문

Cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons differ in the:

a. Lengths of their nephron loops

b. Structure of the capillaries surrounding them

c. Structure of their renal corpuscles

d. Both a and b are correct

e. Both b and c are correct

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교과서 질문

Describe the structure of the filtration membrane.

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교과서 질문

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

a. Sodium ions and glucose are cotransported into the proximal tubule cell by secondary active transport.

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