객관식
Which of the following represents the best order of signal transduction for the β-adrenergic receptor?
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12. Biosignaling
Stimulatory Adenylate Cyclase GPCR Signaling
객관식
When epinephrine binds to its GPCR activating the cAMP cascade, all of the following happen EXCEPT:
A
GDP dissociates from the G protein as GTP associates.
B
The alpha-subunit of the G protein activates adenylate cyclase and cAMP is produced.
C
G protein is activated and diffuses away from the cell membrane into the nucleus.
D
The alpha-subunit of the G protein hydrolyzes GTP and becomes inactive.
E
The alpha-subunit of the G protein bound to GDP reassociates with the beta & gamma-subunits.
검증된 단계별 안내1
Understand the role of epinephrine in activating the GPCR (G-protein coupled receptor) and initiating the cAMP cascade. Epinephrine binds to the receptor, causing a conformational change that activates the G protein.
Recognize the process of G protein activation. When the GPCR is activated, the GDP bound to the alpha-subunit of the G protein is replaced by GTP, activating the G protein.
Identify the role of the alpha-subunit of the G protein. Once activated, the alpha-subunit dissociates from the beta and gamma subunits and interacts with adenylate cyclase, leading to the production of cAMP.
Understand the inactivation process of the G protein. The alpha-subunit eventually hydrolyzes GTP to GDP, which leads to its reassociation with the beta and gamma subunits, rendering the G protein inactive.
Clarify the incorrect statement: The G protein does not diffuse away from the cell membrane into the nucleus. It remains associated with the membrane, where it performs its signaling functions.
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