Question 1

Which molecule binds between the beta subunits of hemoglobin and promotes the release of oxygen by stabilizing the T state?

Accepted Answer

2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (BPG)

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the role of metabolism in cells?

Accepted Answer

Metabolism captures energy from nutrients or light in forms such as ATP and proton motive force.

Question 3

In the metabolic map, what does a dot connected to three lines most likely represent?

Accepted Answer

An intermediate with two metabolic fates, often subject to regulation

Question 4

Which of the following statements about catabolic and anabolic pathways is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Some steps may be common, but other steps must differ to ensure each pathway is spontaneous and thermodynamically favorable.

Question 5

Which of the following is a principal end product of catabolism?

Accepted Answer

Water ($$H_2O)$$

Question 6

How is regulation achieved when catabolic and anabolic pathways interconvert the same metabolite?

Accepted Answer

By using different enzymes and compartmentalizing the pathways

Question 7

Which of the following is a characteristic of monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

They contain 3 to 7 carbon atoms and have chiral centers.

Question 8

What is the general formula for carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

$$C_nH_{2n}O_n$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes an epimer?

Accepted Answer

A stereoisomer that differs at only one chiral center

Question 10

What is the name given to monosaccharides that differ in configuration about the hemiacetal carbon atom?

Accepted Answer

Anomers

Question 11

Cyclization of monosaccharides results in:

Accepted Answer

The formation of hemiketal or hemiacetal structures

Question 12

Which of the following statements about D and L isomers of carbohydrates is correct?

Accepted Answer

D isomers have the hydroxyl group on the highest numbered chiral carbon on the right in Fischer projection.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a reducing sugar?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose

Question 14

What type of bond is formed when the anomeric carbon of one monosaccharide reacts with the hydroxyl group of another?

Accepted Answer

O-glycosidic bond

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolic and anabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathways are degradative and usually energy-yielding, while anabolic pathways are biosynthetic and usually energy-requiring.

Question 16

Which of the following is a common product of Stage 2 of catabolism?

Accepted Answer

Acetyl-CoA

Question 17

Which of the following statements about metabolic pathway regulation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Parallel pathways can differ in at least one metabolic step so they can be regulated independently.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-life example of a molecule that acts as a negative allosteric effector for hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (BPG)

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between photoautotrophic and heterotrophic cells in the biosphere?

Accepted Answer

Heterotrophic cells use glucose produced by photoautotrophic cells and recycle $$CO_2$$, $$O_2$$, and $$H_2O.$$

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the central metabolic hub, pyruvate, is correct?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate connects multiple metabolic pathways and is a central molecule in metabolism.

LEC 16 Bioenergetics and Carbohydrate Chemistry: Metabolism, Monosaccharides, and Isomerism

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