$$\text{Triglyceride} + 3\ \text{NaOH} \rightarrow 3\ \text{Soap} + \text{Glycerol}$$

$$\text{Triglyceride} + 3\ \text{H}_2\text{O} \xrightarrow{\text{H}^+} 3\ \text{Fatty Acid} + \text{Glycerol}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structural difference between an aldose and a ketose carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

Aldoses have a carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain, while ketoses have it within the chain.

Question 2

Which carbohydrate is the enediol intermediate formed during the interconversion of?

Accepted Answer

Glucose and fructose

Question 3

Which of the following statements about D and L stereoisomers of carbohydrates is correct?

Accepted Answer

D and L refer to the configuration around the chiral carbon furthest from the carbonyl group.

Question 4

Which of the following is a homopolysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 5

Which structure is missing an oxygen atom at the 2' position compared to its counterpart?

Accepted Answer

Deoxyribose

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between amylose and amylopectin?

Accepted Answer

Amylose is a linear polymer of glucose, while amylopectin is branched.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct formula for the saponification reaction of a triglyceride?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Triglyceride} + 3\ 	ext{NaOH} ightarrow 3\ 	ext{Soap} + 	ext{Glycerol}$$

Question 8

Which of the following is a key structural feature of sphingolipids?

Accepted Answer

They contain a sphingosine backbone.

Question 9

Which plasma lipoprotein class has the lowest density and is primarily responsible for transporting dietary triglycerides?

Accepted Answer

Chylomicrons

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the fluid mosaic model of biological membranes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Membranes are composed of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded and moving within it.

Question 11

Which of the following fatty acids is classified as an omega-3 fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

Linolenic acid

Question 12

Which of the following reactions converts unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogenation

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of prostaglandins?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of inflammation and pain

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the structure of a steroid nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Four fused rings: three cyclohexane and one cyclopentane

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct formula for the acid hydrolysis of a triglyceride?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Triglyceride} + 3\ 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} \xrightarrow{	ext{H}^+} 3\ 	ext{Fatty Acid} + 	ext{Glycerol}$$

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why saturated fatty acids have higher melting points than unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids pack more tightly due to lack of double bonds.

Question 17

Which of the following is a heteropolysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Lactose

Question 18

Which of the following is the main cargo transported by LDL particles in plasma?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of endocytosis of LDL particles?

Accepted Answer

LDL binds to cell surface receptors and is internalized by vesicle formation.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct formula for the esterification reaction of a fatty acid and glycerol?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Fatty Acid} + 	ext{Glycerol} ightarrow 	ext{Mono-, Di-, or Triglyceride} + 	ext{Water}$$

Carbohydrates and Lipids: Structure, Classification, and Biological Functions

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