Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between an aldose and a ketose monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Aldoses contain an aldehyde group at C1, while ketoses contain a ketone group at C2.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Catalysis of biochemical reactions

Question 3

Which of the following statements about enantiomers is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enantiomers are nonsuperimposable mirror images.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes an epimer?

Accepted Answer

A stereoisomer that differs in configuration at only one specific carbon atom other than the anomeric carbon.

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct general formula for a monosaccharide with $$n$$ carbon atoms?

Accepted Answer

$$C_nH_{2n}O_n$$

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the cyclization of monosaccharides is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Cyclization creates a new asymmetric center called the anomeric carbon.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct description of a glycosidic bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the elimination of water between the anomeric carbon of a cyclic saccharide and the hydroxyl group of another compound.

Question 8

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of disaccharides?

Accepted Answer

The configuration of the anomeric carbon ($$ \alpha  or$$ $$ \beta )$$

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the formation of glycosidic bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

The formation of glycosidic bonds is thermodynamically unfavored and requires activation, such as by UDP-galactose.

Question 10

Which of the following is a homopolysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the structure of glycogen compared to amylopectin?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen has a higher molecular weight with shorter and more frequent branch points than amylopectin.

Question 12

Which of the following is a major structural polysaccharide in woody and fibrous plants?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 13

Which of the following statements about glycosaminoglycans is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are polymers of repeating disaccharide units and serve as lubricants in body fluids.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about peptidoglycans?

Accepted Answer

They are cross-linked, multilayered polysaccharide-peptide complexes found in bacterial cell walls.

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding glycoproteins?

Accepted Answer

They can have oligosaccharide chains attached to asparagine (N-linked) or serine/threonine (O-linked) residues.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct example of a sugar acid formed by oxidation at C6?

Accepted Answer

$$\beta-D-$$glucuronic acid

Question 17

Which of the following is formed by the reduction of the carbonyl group of glucose?

Accepted Answer

D-glucitol (sorbitol)

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of an amino sugar?

Accepted Answer

A carbohydrate in which at least one hydroxyl group has been replaced with an amine group.

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE about the secondary structure of amylose?

Accepted Answer

Amylose forms a helical structure stabilized by hydrogen bonds.

Carbohydrates: Structure, Classification, and Biological Roles

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