Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between glycoproteins and proteoglycans?

Accepted Answer

Glycoproteins are primarily protein with variable carbohydrate chains, while proteoglycans are primarily carbohydrate with always negatively charged carbohydrate chains.

Question 2

Which of the following is a correct formula for a carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

$$C_n(H_2O)_n$$

Question 3

Which of the following monosaccharides is a ketose?

Accepted Answer

Fructose

Question 4

What is the main biological function of cellulose in plants?

Accepted Answer

Structural support in cell walls

Question 5

Which of the following best describes an epimer?

Accepted Answer

A sugar that differs from another only in the configuration around one carbon atom

Question 6

Which test is most sensitive and specific for detecting glucose in a clinical setting?

Accepted Answer

Glucose oxidase enzymatic assay

Question 7

Which of the following is a nonreducing disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose

Question 8

What type of glycosidic linkage is found at the branch points of glycogen?

Accepted Answer

$$(\alpha 1 \rightarrow 6)$$

Question 9

Which polysaccharide is the main storage form of glucose in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 10

Which of the following statements about chitin is correct?

Accepted Answer

Chitin is a linear homopolysaccharide of N-acetylglucosamine.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of glycosaminoglycans in the extracellular matrix?

Accepted Answer

Lubrication of joints

Question 12

Which enzyme is required to hydrolyze $$(\beta 1 \rightarrow 4)$$ linkages in cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Cellulase

Question 13

Which of the following is true about the structure of amylopectin compared to amylose?

Accepted Answer

Amylopectin has $$(\alpha 1 \rightarrow 6)$$ branch points, while amylose is unbranched.

Question 14

Which of the following is a reducing sugar?

Accepted Answer

Maltose

Question 15

What is the role of heparin in the body?

Accepted Answer

Prevention of blood clotting by activating antithrombin

Question 16

Which of the following best describes mutarotation?

Accepted Answer

The interconversion between $$\alpha$$ and $$\beta$$ anomers of a cyclic sugar

Question 17

Which of the following is a major function of glycoconjugates in cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein-protein recognition and cell signaling

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of a glycosidic bond?

Accepted Answer

A covalent bond between the anomeric carbon of one sugar and a hydroxyl group of another

Question 19

Which of the following polysaccharides is used in the laboratory for DNA electrophoresis?

Accepted Answer

Agarose

Question 20

Which of the following is a consequence of the highly branched structure of glycogen?

Accepted Answer

It allows rapid enzymatic mobilization of glucose from multiple nonreducing ends.

Chapter 7: Carbohydrates – Structures, Properties, and Biological Functions

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